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SUBURBAN HOMES 

CITY BUSINESS MEN, 



FOR 



A DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY, WITH A STATEMENT OF THE 
INDUCEMENTS OFFERED ON THE LINE OF THE 



ERIE RAILWAY 



A GUIDE OF THE EASTERN DIVISION AND NEWBURGH AND 
WARWICK BRANCHES. 



COMPILED BY HENRY T. WILLIAMS. 



/ c NE 



Vri,..h\0^° 



CAY YORK: 



PRESS OF THE ERIE RAILWAY COMPANY 



1 SG7 

v 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1867, 

By The Erie Railway CoiirANY, 

In the CIerk'.> Office of the District Court for the Southern District of Xew York. 






INTRODUCTION 



The value of property, and the cost of living in this great city has 
become such, that the subject of Suburban Homes is agitating the minds 
of nearly all classes of business men, many of whom from want of time, 
or want of general knowledge of its suburbs, are unable to make any ex- 
tended examination along each route of travel, and are therefore without 
the necessarj^ information as to their relative advantages and con- 
veniences, and are in doubt as to the best place to select a Home. 

This little book has been prepared with the view of supplying such 
information, and to call special attention to the beautiful country lying 
along the line of the Erie Railway ; particularizing the principal points 
of interest, and the railway conveniences which are of so great and 
permanent importance. 

It contains a full description of the scenery of the entire Eastern Di- 
vision to Port Jervis, and its branches to Warwick and Newburgh, with 
full information concerning the villages, towns and cities along the route, 
the price of land and lots, and in short everything which can, in an im- 
partial manner, completely inform the excursionist of the advantages of 
each place. 

Good advice is given as to the selection of the best places of residence, 
either within daily access of New York, or a little more distant, in the 
lovely fields of Orange Countj^ ; particularly desirable for a country home 
during the summer months. 

Warnings are given against speculation of every description, and there 
are hints concerning the value, purchase and improvement of property, 
as also plans and estimates for building, which will be of good service. 

Commutation rates, less than those of any other New York road, to- 
gether with frequent trains and luxurious and commodious cars, are 
evidences of the liberal spirit of the managers of the Erie Railway, and 
of their desire to encourage and foster this class of business. 

To all those citizens of New York and vicinity who would at any time 
like to examine any of the places described, with a view to purchase for 
immediate improA^ement and permanent occupation, this Guide can be 
obtained, free of charge, at the office of the General Passenger Agent, 
Erie Buildings, New York. 

New York, November, 1867. 



SUBURBAN HOMES 



FOR 



CITY BUSINESS MEN. 



Next to those important points " What shall a man eat," and '' Where- 
withal shall he be clothed," comes that oft-recurring question, " TFhere 
shall he live r 

Comparing City and Country Life together, what do w*e find 1 On the 
one hand, city life brings to the sojourner or resident all the advantages 
of a concentrated society. Here are found refined and superior associ- 
ations ; here are the abodes of wealth and fashion ; here each day brings 
out its ever-changing panoramas of life and action ; we walk the streets, 
we find on either hand abundant opportunities to gratify our tastes, 
whether for pleasure or business ; here are gathered churches, schools, 
libraries, museums, galleries of art, places of amusement and instruction, 
and our eyes are gratified with the sight of spacious streets and avenues 
lined with gorgeous palaces of business or residence, or grand and im- 
pressive churches and public buildings ; here is life and activity, pleasant 
society, and it is not strange that a man accustomed to all these feels a 
pang when called upon to relinquish them. 

There is a dark side however to these pictures of pleasure. Man must 
experience the disadvantages of. city life as well as the advantages. How 
many thousands can tell the tale of doleful poverty ; how many, a step 
higher on the scale, can utter bitter complaints of hard work and scant 
pay ; higher yet, there comes a class of shopkeepers, faithful toilers, whose 
daily gains but barely pay the expenses of livelihood, and to whom the oft- 
recurring fiice of the landlord is like an apparition of terror ; but be- 
tween these and the rich classes, who sit down to costly suppers and 
dress in purple and fine linen, there are found thousands of families of 
the energetic business or professional men of the city, who, apparently 
in comfortable circumstances, are subjected to the payment of extra- 
vagant prices for board or house rent, and long for some eflectual and 
permanent relief. 

The first of May comes, and with it the demands of the landlord, whose 
1 



% SUBURBAN HOMES. 

increased rent strikes consternation into many an lionsehold, and many 
a luxury is curtailed to meet the great expense. 

Wlien, too, it is found that prices of $200 per month are charged a 
husband, wife and two children for the privilege of boarding in a second 
or third story floor, with two or three rooms, with no prospect of living 
cheaper by even keeping house, and no house to be found of moderate 
rent, the anxious inquiry comes, What shall we do ? 

I will tell you what to do — go to the country. If you have a little money 
saved, towards buying a house or lots of ground, and are of right tastes 
and sociability to make a good neighbor, go to some one of the many 
suburban villages around this great city, there build you a nice little 
cottage, and, forgetting the things which are behind, press forward to 
the mark of a good and unmolested enjoyment of God's free air, under 
the blue canopy of a cheerful sky. City advantages are at present swal- 
lowed up in its disadvantages ; the crowded state of the city ; the in- 
crease of population; the demand for houses, the inadequate supply; the 
inordinate and extortionate charges of the landlords ; the rapacity of 
every description of tradesmen and shopkeeper; the inflated prices of 
property; the great cost of living; the difticulty of convenient trans- 
portation within the city limits, between either extremities ; the over- 
crowded, unhealthj^, dirty, clieerless horse cars, are all tending to drive 
thousands of men from New York, into the various little villages that 
skirt the lines of raihvay or steamboat communication. 

We are glad of it, and we trust the day is not far distant when we 
shall see these little villages grow up into mighty ones, and through 
their length and breadth, and by their beauty speak of the contentment 
of tlieir citizens. 

Country life makes a man purer, happier, and more contented ; puts 
new vigor into him, and having escaped the Scylla and Cliarybdis of the 
city, and thrown off" the exclusiveness so natural to all city people, he 
steps into his country cottage, with buoyancy and enjoyment. 

Within the last two or three years the writer has made it his duty to 
visit every railroad and station within a distance of from twenty-flve to 
fifty miles of New York, for the purposes of obtaining information, as to 
what and how great were the suburbs of this great city, what were the 
conveniences of access, what were the natural advantages or disadvan- 
tages of every place, and where were the best localities for business men 
to choose their homes, and after a careful examination of the whole sub- 
ject, I have no hesitation in stating, the greatest advantages and most 
conveniences are to be found on the line of the Ekie Railway. 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 6 

The writer has traveled over it frequently, and is familiar with every- 
place and the surronnding country. The language used and descrip- 
tions of villages and scenery given in this Guide, though enthusiastic 
are by no means exaggerated ; and the actual oT)server will find every- 
thing in strict conformity with the truth. 

The great points to be considered by a business man in choosing a 
location for a home are, viz : 

1st. Convenience and frequency of access. 

2d. Cleanly and comfortable cars. 

8d. A reasonable cost for transportation. 

4th. A fair, but not undue price for land or building. 

5th. Healthiness. 

Gth. Society, schools, churches. 

7th. Liberal treatment ])y the company. 

Considering, then, the advantages afore-named, we recommend every 
one to notice the prospects of the country along the line of this railway. 

From the City Hall, down Chambers Street, five minutes walk, takes 
us to the inviting entrance to Pavonia Ferry, the New York Depot of 
this road. The spacious boats Pavonia and Susquehanna, models of 
neatness, good taste and beauty, are constantly plying across the river, 
teeming with the constant throng of passengers. Trips are made every 
fifteen minutes, to the Long Dock Depot at Jersey City, and connect with 
no less than seventeen local trains, each way, daily. 

In addition to the conveniences of access now given, the company 
have determined to minister further to the wants of the New York pub- 
lic, and during the coming season will have in operation another ferry, 
from the foot of Twenty-third Street, North River, to their Jersey City 
Depot, thus opening the way for travel to and from the up-town districts. 
This will prove, undoubtedly, a great convenience, not only to travelers 
from the hotels and railroad depots, but to up-town residents who desire 
to travel directly West, and save the tedium of a long ride down town. 
It is to be regretted that there is not a more convenient city railway 
system, by which to reach Twenty-third Street and Chambers Street 
ferries, from all parts of the city, but this will doubtless be remedied the 
coming winter. 

The Erie Railway is of the broad gauge— six feet wide— and the 
Company are thus enabled to construct coaches of greater width and 
length than other roads, and to finish and furnish them in the most ap- 
proved and elegant manner. It is a subject of frequent remark among 
travelers, that no road in the country possesses coaches of such fine 
appearance and so great accommodation. 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 



In comfort, freedom from dust, and all petty annoyances and restrictions, 
in the frequency and punctuality of trains, the conveniences of the Erie 
Kailway are of superior excellence. Conducted on a liberal basis, the 
managers give the cheapest Commutation Rates of any road in the world. 
One has but to look at the appended list and judge for himself. 



NEW YORK 

AND 




COMMUTATION. 


3 

H 

p 


Three 
Months. 


First 

Six 

Months. 


Second 

Six 
Months. 


Twelve 
Months. 


Boiling Spring, 

Passaic, 


10 
12 
14 
17 

19 
22 
24 
26 
28 
32 
34 
36 
42 
44 
48 
50 
52 
54 
55 
60 
64 
67 
71 
76 
88 


$16.00 
17.25 
18.75 
21.75 
22.50 
23.75 
24.50 
25.00 
25.50 
26.00 
27.00 
27.50 
28.75 
29.50 
30.00 
30.50 
31.25 
31.25 
31.50 
32.75 
33.75 
34.75 
36.25 
37.75 
41.00 


$27.50 
30.50 
33.00 
39.00 
40.50 
42.25 
43.75 
44.75 
45.25 
46.50 
49.25 
50.50 
52.75 
54.00 
55.00 
56.00 
57.25 
57.50 
57.75 
59.75 
61.75 
63.50 
66.25 
69.25 
74.75 


$24.50 
26.75 
29.25 
34.00 
35.25 
37.00 
37.75 
38.75 
39.75 
40.00 
42.75 
43.75 
45.50 
46.25 
47.00 
48.50 
49.25 
49.50 
49.75 
51.25 
53.25 
54.50 
57.00 
59.25 
64.25 


$49.25 

54.50 

59.25 

69.75 

72.50 

76.00 

78.00 

80.25 

82.25 

83.25 

88.50 

90.50 

94.50 

96.75 

98.75 

100.75 

102.75 

103.25 

103.75 

107.00 

111.00 

114.25 

119.25 

124.50 

134.50 


$0.40 
0.55 
0.65 
0.75 
0.85 
0.95 
1.00 
1.10 
115 
1.25 
1.35 
1.40 
1.60 
1.70 
1.75 
1.85 
1.95 
2.00 
2.05 
2.20 
2.30 
2.40 
2.50 
2.60 
3.10 


Clifton, 


Paterson . . .... 


Norwood . . , 

Ridgewood, 

Hohokus* 


Allendale 


Ramsey's, 


Suffern, 

Ramapo 


Sloatsburg, 

Southflelds, 

Greenwood, 

Turner's 


Monroe, 


Oxford 


Grey court, 

Chester, 


Goshen, 


Hampton, 

Middletown, 

Howell's, 


Otisville, 


Port Jervis, 


Craigville, 

Washingtonville, . 

Salisbury, 

Vail's Gate, 

Newburgh, 


56 
61 
63 
67 
73 


3150 
31.50 
31.50 
31.50 
37.25 


57.75 
57.75 
57.75 
57.75 
68.00 


50.00 
50.00 
50.00 
50.00 
58.50 


104.00 
104.00 
104.00 
104.00 
122.50 


2.05 
2.05 
2.05 
2.05 
2.50 


East Chester, 

Sugar Loaf, 

Lake, 

Stone Bridge 

Warwick, 


55 
57 
58 
61 
64 


4Y.60 


74'.75 


64*25 


134.75 


2.10 
2.25 
2.30 
2.45 
2.50 





DESIGN No. 1. 

Here is given a fine example 
of cottage architecture, of a 
form tliat is compact and every- 
way available, at the same time 
affording every convenience in 
the arrangement of rooms de- 
sirable for a family of refined 
tastes and moderate means. — 
This cottage may be built of 
wood, or better still, in favor- 
able localities, of brick and 
stone, and if suitably surround- 
ed with tasteful landscape em- 
bellishments, will make a snug, 
pretty and attractive home. 

One can, by the exercise of 
appropriate taste, produce the 
right kind of an impression in 
a house of this character. It 
should become a part of, and 
belong to, the acres which sur- 
round it; it should be an indis- 
pensable accessory to the place 
itself, and the grounds should 
be laid out and embellished in 
such a manner that the whole 
combination impresses all with 
harmonious beauty, and not, as 
is too frequently the case, seek 
to make up the wretched defici- 
encies in the grounds by elabo- 
rate expenditure and display 
about the house. A true ap- 
preciation of country life will 
not tolerate slovenly, ill-kept 
grounds, and no house exhibits 
its true value unless there is a 
harmony in its surroundings. 
If this be attended to, a high de- 
gree of eftect can be produced 
in houses of moderate cost; 
houses that shall be roomy, 
warm, substantial and in every 
way agreeable to their occu- 
pants. This design can be built, 
at present, for about |5000. — 
From Woodward's Country Homes. 




Second Floor. 




First Floor. 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 

RULES AND REGULATIONS, 

Adopted September 1st, 1865. 



QUARTERLY, HALF-YEARLY OR YEARLY TICKETS. 

Season Commutation Tickets will be furnished on application to the 
General Passenger Agent, Room 12, Erie Buildings, foot of Duane Street, 
New York. 

These Tickets will in all cases bear the date of the 1st day of the month 
in which they are issued, and will always expire on the last day of a 
month. 

They are to be allowed in the custody of no one but the person to 
whom issued, or a Conductor or Officer of the Company, and for breach 
of this rule will be void and forfeited. 

They are valid for passage, only on Trains stopping as per Time Table 
at the Stations named on the Ticket. 

They are received subject to the right of the Company, at any time to 
change the time of arrival or departure of any Train, at or from any Sta- 
tion or Stations, and to diminish the number of Trains or Coaches at 
pleasure. 

They are subject to all the Rules and Regulations of the Company, and 
give no privilege of transporting goods, packages or other matter, other 
than usual or ordinary Personal Baggage, which is required by the holder 
as a passenger. 

They are not iramferahle, and no return of any part of the sum paid for 
the Ticket will be made in consequence of the inability of the person 
to use it. 

They are to be shown to the Conductors each trip, and also whenever 
required, and to be returned to the General Passenger Agent, when the 
time for which they were issued has expired. 

Commuters found passing over the Road without their Tickets will be 
required to pay fare. 

Tickets from " New York," when presented at the passenger entrance 
to the Company's Ferry, are valid for passage between Jersey City and 
New York. Parts of, or mutilated Tickets will not be recognized. 

Duplicate Tickets will not be issued except for sufficient reason, and 
upon agreement to protect the Company against use of original. 

Scholars under 16 attending School, Half Season Commutation Rates. 

Bound Trip Tickets, valid for two daj's, can be oljtained at the Station 
Ticket Offices at reduced rates. 

Thus a ride of 12 miles to Passaic costs only ^54. 50 per year, which is 
less than 8 cents each way, or about 15 cents per day, less even than 
omnibus fare in the city. 

Comparing these rates with those of other companies, we find, to New- 
ark, by Morris and Essex, or New Jersey R. R., 9 miles, $60 ; Orange, 14 
miles, 080; Montclair, 15 miles, ^100; to Elizabeth, by two roads, 15 
roiles, opposition rates, f 55 ; to Jamaica, by two roads, 8 miles, 060 ; by 



6 SUBURBAN HOMES. 

Harlem Railroad, to Moimt Vernon, 15 miles, $96; by Hudson River 
Railroad, to Yonkers, 14 miles, $114; by New Haven Railroad, to Mount 
Vernon, 15 miles, $90; by Nortbern Railroad of New Jersey, to Engle- 
Avood, 14i miles, $85. 

In addition to these high rates, put the inconvenience of a change 
from the Hudson, Harlem and New Haven Roads to city cars, at an in- 
creased expense of $40 per year, or on the Long Island and Flushing 
Roads, a ferriage from Jam^es Slip of from 5 to 8 cents per time, and we 
have a balance in favor of the Erie Railway not to be resisted. 

Leaving the Depot at Jersey City we pass through the Bergen Tunnel, 
then for a distance of 6 miles, over the Jersey Meadows, and the station 

we first reach is 

BOILING SPRING 

— the name, however, is soon to be changed to Rutherfurd Station. It 
is a neat little edifice, a credit alike to the inhabitants and the Company. 
Its cost was $0,000, shared equally by the citizens and the Company. 
Herein we may also note a point of excellence, which other companies 
will do well to imitate, viz., good and tasteful depot buildings. 

There are no residences of importance in the immediate vicinity of the 
Depot, but half a mile down the road, on the summit of the ridge, is a 
cluster of cottages, which at once attract the attention of the passer-by 
with their tasteful and ornamental appearance. Here are the residences 
of the brothers Woodward, the well known proprietors of the Hortiad- 
tnrisf, whose excellent taste on rural matters will produce good results 
in the development of the region around them. 

Perhaps no better description of this country, its advantages, and 
prospects, can be given, than the following from the pen of Mr. Geo. E. 
Woodward : 

"Boiling Spring, New Jersey, is 10 miles from New^ York, 40 minutes' 
ride from the City, and is accessil)le, daily, by eleven trains. The yearly 
Commutation fare is $19.25. The country tributary to this station lies 
on an elevated rolling ridge, two miles in width ; the highest portions 
of which are from 100 to 150 feet above tide- water. This ridge has a soil 
of sandy loam, rich and easily cultivated. The subsoil is of a gravelly 
nature, Avhich is the best system of natural under-drainage, and conse- 
quently free from the health objections to rocky and clay foundations. 

The Boiling Spring water, which boils or bubbles out on both sides of 
the ridge, is the purest water known. The chemical analysis made prior 
to the erection of extensive bleaching Avorks, claims for it the highest 
standard of purit;y^, equal to that of the great lakes, 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 7 

To those familiar with the selection of health localities, a naturally 
drained gravelly subsoil and water of great puritj-^ are considerations of 
great importance, but, in addition to these, w^e will state further facts. 
The impression naturally received by a stranger in crossing the salt mea- 
dows, is that there must be some health objection ; all testimony however 
is against nnhealthiness ; families have lived immediately on the e{]ge of 
the meadows from generation to generation, and scarce a house but that 
contains one or more people of advanced age, 80 or 90 years and upwards. 

The City of Newark, five miles south of Boiling Spring Station, occu- 
pies a site lying on and alongside the salt meadows ; health statistics 
show it to be one of the healthiest cities in the country ; it ranks with 
Boston, Providence and Philadelphia, and the average of life is fifteen 
years longer than the average in the City of Ncav York. The village of 
Hackcnsack, five miles north of Boiling Spring Station, is a noted health- 
ful locality, and yet this village, of some 8,000 inhabitants, is located im- 
mediately on the side, and at an elevation of from six to ten feet only 
above the salt meadows. In fact the salt meadows, up and down both 
sides, are bordered by cities and villages that in point of health are sur- 
passed by none in the vicinity of New York. 

The principal improvements in the vicinit}^ of the Boiling Spring Sta- 
tion have been made on the summit of the ridge, upwards of one mile 
from the edge of the meadows, commanding extensive views of the Or- 
ange mountains, the valley of the Passaic, the Highlands to the north, 
and the westerly slope of the Palisades ; within a radius of six miles are 
the Cities of Newark and Paterson, — Llewellyn Park, Orange, Bloom- 
field, Passaic, Bellville, Hackeusack, Franklin, Lodi, &c., points of inter- 
est which make up a series of drives not surpassed. The Central Park 
is but one hours drive, being only eight miles distant via Weehawken 
Ferry. 

During the past winter New York capitalists have invested in the vici- 
nity of this depot, not less than $400,000, and contemplate inprovements 
of the most extensive character, which will at the same time effectually 
prevent the introduction of any objectionable features into a locality now 
wholly free from anything exceptionable. 

The RuTHERFURD Park Associatiox, owning 300 acres of land lying 
upon the river slope, have expended $10,000 npon the magnificent avenue 
leadiKg from the depot, and in Ma}" opened the Rutherfurd Park Hotel, 
refitted and refurnished for 150 guests. Their villa sites are being taken 
up, and plans are now preparing for the erection of houses of a fine class. 

The Riverside Park Association, also on the river slope, and owning 



e SUBURBAN HOMES. 

nearly 200 acres, will proceed to the immediate erection of cottages and 
country houses, and contemplate opening to the public the old and mag- 
nificent mansion, which in by-gone days was a noted country seat of 
taste and elegance. This Association proposes the most liberal terms. 
Satisfactory parties can purchase the land on credit and have one-half 
the cost of building advanced. 

The Mount Rutherfurd Association, located on the meadow slope and 
close to the depot, owning about 100 acres of land, are making immedi- 
ate progTess with various improvements. 

In addition to these, smaller projects are in hand, all of which will 
tend to make valuable and desirable a locality, which in quickness of 
transit from New York, and in all that goes to make up an elegant and 
attractive suburb of the city, has no superior. 

The price of property at the present time is considered quite low. 
Five hundred dollars per acre would probably purchase a few tracts 
at a distance, but the leading prices for a choice, range from S600 to 
SIOOO per acre. 

One and two acre lots, fairly situated, where streets are opened and 
fenced, and public improvements made, can be had at about ^800 per 
acre to actual settlers, city lots 25x100 feet, near depot, are as low as 
SlOO each, and the best choice not over ^200 a lot. This is believed to 
be one-third the price of property at any point either in New York or 
New Jersey that can be reached in 45 or even 60 minutes from the City 
Hall — two lots have been sold in New York corner of Sixty-sixth St. and 
Fifth Avenue at $27,500 each — one and a quarter hours distant from City 
Hall by anj^ public conveyance. Lots on the outskirts of Brooklyn, one 
and a quarter hours from City Hall, command from $500 to SI, 000 each, 
and $500 is about the minimum price for a choice lot in any pleasant 
and convenient point accessible from the great business centre, inside of 
60 minutes. 

Boiling Spring at the present time is a country localit}^ The largest 
owners, Avhose property lies from half a mile to one mile from the sta- 
tion, propose improvements similar to the Boxbury Suburbs of Boston. 
Cottage and villa sites of from one to three acres, are most frequent ; al- 
ready some fifteen or twenty are built upon and improved. Those who 
own nearer the depot oftcr their property in city lots. Butchers, bakers, 
grocers and icemen call daily at the door. Good stores, churches, schools, 
&c., are all established within one and a half miles, and public buildings 
of difierent classes, schools of high grade, will be erected in the imme- 
diate vicinity An invested capital of $400,000, and a large working cap- 




Design Xo. 2.— Italian Villa. 




Second Floor. 



DE.^UiN No. 2. 

This design was made for erection in Riitherfurd Park, New Jersey, and 
is a good example of a compact, couveuieut, and economical country 
house, with good commodious rooms, well connected, and easily heated 
and ventilated. The basement contains, beside the necessary cellar and 
coal requisites, a line billiard room, and as a solid substantial foundation 
is thus secured, it is perhaps the best part of the house for such a pur- 
pose, occupying room not needed otherwise, and not objectionable to the 
most fastidious. The parlor and dining room connect with each other, 
and each has independent communication with a spacious hall or vesti- 
bule, and this latter it is proposed to fit up in an imposing manner. The 
stairway is of easy rise and tread, with rail and new^el of attractive pro- 
portions ; the ceilings to be groined, walls panelled, etc.; the full arrange- 
ment of bed-rooms, closets, etc., is easily seen from the plans ; no space 
is lost — all room is made available. 

The construction of the house is of wood, balloon frame, diagonally 
boarded outside with un worked plank, then covered with roofing felt, 
and weather-boarded with narrow lap-siding. The work throughout to 
be well done, finished substantial and plain, w^alls hard finished, tin 
roof, etc. 

At the present time, Sept. 1, 1867, this design could be built for $5,000. 
—See Woodward's Architecture end JRural Art, No. 2,foi' 1868. 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 9 

ital, will not permit any delaj^ in the establishment of needed conve- 
niences. The facility with which lumber and all kinds of building 
materials can be delivered, both by railroad and river, enables build- 
ing operations to be carried on at the minimum price, and an investment 
in a home at this point will pay a heavy rate of interest in more wa3^s 
than one. 

Our opinions of the advantages of Boiling Spring are condensed in this 
simple statement: Ave have nothing to sell, and can afford to live where 
we please. We have resided there four years, and propose to remain 
there permanently, and so say all our neigh])ors. 

The following estimate of a Country Home at this point may be relied 
on: 

One acre lot, ten minutes walk from depot, $800 

Frame house, French roof, 7 rooms (heating, plum])ing 

and gas excepted), plainly finished, 4,500 

Fencing and other extras, 700 

$6,000 
Such a house will rent readily for $900. 

Two city lots, 50 by 100, $300 

Plain house, no extras, 3,000 

Fencing, »&c., 200 

$3,500 

Would rent for $500. 

Any party having $1,000 or more in cash can secure the building of a 
Country home, of satisfactory plan, on such terms of payment as will be 
easy and safe, and such property will advance in value at least ten per 
cent, per annum, or the full value of the rental for a long series of years. 
To deny this is to deny stubborn facts. Lying in the shadow of the 
great commercial centre, on a national highway, of princely accomoda- 
tions and resources, there can be no question as to its progress or doubt 
of its success." 

The operations of the Mount Rutherfurd Company, if carried out ac- 
cording to their present intentions, \vill result in the production of a 
beautiful village, handsomely laid out, with finely graded avenues, shade 
trees, and residences of a superior character. A church already exists 
there, and schools will be erected in a short space of time. The natural 
position of the whole of this ridge is of the most liivorable kind for the 
location and growth Qf ^i large village or city, and there is every reason 



10 SUBURBAN HOMES. 

to believe that a few years hence Boiling- Spring will be one of the lai-gest 
of our suburban villages. Beautiful, broad avenues could be laid out on 
the top of this ridge, and run either south to Newark or north to Hack- 
ensack; and should this plan be adopted, we would not be surprised to 
find them one of these days ftivorite driving grounds with our fashion- 
able people. 

After leaving Boiling Spring Station the railroad ascends the bed of 
one stream, nntil it reaches the summit, and then descending throngh 
the bed of another, westward, it emerges from the depressed cut at the 
Bleachcry. 

Here commences, and runs south, the Riverside Park, a property of 
180 acres, which was bought at auction in the summer of 1866 for ^76,000, 
by a company of gentlemen (one of whom is the well-known merchant 
Geo. Griswold), for the purpose of landscape improvement and division 
into neat little cottage grounds of one or more acres. The beautiful 
house we see from the cars, alone cost ^50,000, and being situated on an 
eminence above the river, and surrounded with thick shade trees, rend- 
ers the spot the most charming place for a hotel on the line of the road. 
A station has been proposed, opposite the Bleacher}^ but there is no 
present prospect of its erection. When the property is oftered for sale, 
should there be one built, it will doubtless ]3e of a neat and ornamental 
character. 

It is difficult at this date to say what property will then be worth ; if 
it is sold by the acre it will probably not be less than SI, 000, or if by 
lots of 25 by 100 feet, perhaps $100 to 0200. 

The whole of this land is level, and can easily be improved and laid 
out. It is overlooked by a nice little ridge, covered with trees, and of a 
western slope, for wdiich |1,000 per acre is asked. 

It is safe to say that no land can be purchased within a mile of Boil- 
ing Spring depot at less than an average of ,f 1,000 per acre. Land was 
offered to the writer a year ago for $500 to $600 per acre, easy terms, 
half a mile from station, which is now held at $1,000 cash. An old far- 
mer, owning 200 acres of land, offered it last year for $600 per acre, but 
did not sell, held on, and has recently sold 90 acres to the Mount Ruther- 
furd Company at an average of $1,100 per acre. These fiicts serve to 
show the extraordinary increase in the valuation of land. A year 
hence it will be difficult to purchase by the acre, as all Avill doubtless be 
sold by the lot. 

Crossing Passaic River, we reach Passaic Bridge, a little station for 
the convenience of those living up and down the river and valley. A 
mile furtlier 0)i we reach 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 11 

PASSAIC, 

which is 12 miles from New York, and accessible daily by thirteen 
trains, the trip occnpying fifty minntes. 

For a long time the depot was an olcL uninviting building ; but this 
spring the citizens and the railway company purchased five lots of 
ground a little ftirther on for $2,000, on which has l)een built a depot 
costing $5,000, which is considered one of the most tasteful of any 
within 50 miles of New York. 

The village contains a population of about 1,200 inhabitants, of an 
excellent and superior character. A few years ago it was but little 
known, and under its old name of Acquackanonk, there was not mueh 
to attract people thither. Within the last two years its name and repu- 
tation have become well known. 

On approaching the village your attention is attracted l)y pretty lit- 
tle cottages, surrounded by trees and flower gardens, which speak most 
pleasantly of homes of contentment and happiness. As the cars round 
the curve 3-ou perceive a long Inroad avenue, on either side of which are 
other snug little houses, shaded by double and quadruple rows of trees, 
which give an air of quietness and retirement to the place. 

We are not aware of a place which combines so many attractions to 
the prospective resident as this. It contains six churches of Reformed 
Dutch, Episcopal, Baptist and Presbyterian denominations, all in good 
strength, having a superior array of ministerial talent ; one public and 
two private schools, and a literary society in which great interest is 
taken. Stores of good character are also found here. 

It is not a little interesting to notice how jealous the citizens are of 
the reputation of the place ; all take the highest pride in it ; believe that 
no suburban village has so great advantages, is so convenient to New 
York, and has such magnificent prospects in the world as theirs ; and 
we must admit that we are of the same opinion. There is no reason to 
doubt that Passaic, a few years hence, will be a place of finer cjiaracter 
and larger population than Hackensack, which has now 8,000 inhabi- 
tants, or even Elizabeth with 20,000. 

One has but to visit the place, see the position of the land, the im- 
provements already made and contemplated, and learn the character of 
the people, to feel that their hopes will be realized. 

There is a large tract of land, just north and north-east of the new 
depot, and up what is familiarly called the Weazle road, which covers 
an area of from 200 to 500 aci'es, which is as smooth as a floor, and, cov- 



12 SUBURBAN HOMES. 

erecl with its luxuriaut growtli of grass or grain, presents the most lovely 
of all rural sights. Here will some day be a large city. At the present 
time no money could tempt the owners to sell. They know full well the 
value of the land, and loving it more than money, know that each year 
adds to its value. 

This may suit their own dispositions well enough, but not the hun- 
dreds of anxious souls who are searching for some spot whereon to 
build and be at rest. Society has always had a repugnance to specu- 
lative land owners, who have no progressiveness in them, nor regard 
for the feelings of others, and who never sell, or give any chance to 
settlers to come in and occupy, but hoard on year after year. It is 
not a matter of wonder however that such beautiful land causes such 
action on the part of the owners, but if they properly understood the 
feelings of those who are willing to buy and pay a fair price, they might 
have reason to reflect on their conservatism and selfishness. 

It is possible that in the course of the coming year avenues will be 
laid out over this property, and lots of 50 by -200 feet made ready for 
occupancy. It would be hard to name any price at this early date, 
perhaps S^OO to $1,000 will be asked; but it is sincerely hoped that the 
owners will see the advantages of oflering this property at fair rates. 

Something must be said of the western portion of the village, fami- 
liarly named the Heights. Here is the sphere of operations of Mr. C. M. 
K. Paulison, a New Yorker, who several years ago purchased a number 
of acres of land in the higher portion of the village, commenced the lay- 
ing out and gTading of streets, avenues, sidewalks, blocks, lots, &c., and 
for a time offered to build houses for those Avho paid cash for their lots, 
and allow the price of the house to be paid in installments through a 
series of years. The results are of a most gratifying nature. Beautiful 
dwellings have been erected, and are occupied by families of the best 
tastes and social position. Under such beneficial results the whole vil- 
lage has commenced a grand onward course of prosperity. 

One peculiarity of Mr. Paulison's operations is, that he will sell no 
land except to actual settlers, w^ho will make immediate improvements, 
requiring a house to be erected within a certain time, and to be of the 
most tasteful nature. Herein we must give credit, for only by this me- 
thod could such gratifying success have been attained ; speculation is 
thus effectually cut off, and the great object of immediate development 
is attained. 

Several streets are already built and more are being laid out. Mr. 
Paulison has come into possession of a large tract of land, commencing 




Design No. 3.— A Cottage Home. 





First Floor. 



Secoxd Floor. 



DESIGN No. 3 . 

This design, with a tower, in many localities, would be suitable and 
attractive. The plan shows but moderate accommodation, yet enough to 
supply the demand called for by the largest number. The roof of the 
main building can be shingled, but that of the tower would be better of 
tin. It is shown as a fi-ame house, but would look well constructed of 
brick ; hollow walls, one foot thick, but do not omit furring out. There 
is quite as much need of leaving a vacant space between the plastering 
and a hollow brick wall as if the walls were solid. The brick which binds 
a hollow wall will convey dampness, though not as much as solid walls. 
The design is shown as being quite low on the ground. There is nothing- 
arbitrary about this, except that it helps the cottage appearance. In 
many localities custom or prejudice would raise the foundation wall two 
or even three feet aboA^e the ground. There are some places where it 
would be healthier and better to do so ; but on a dry, gravelly soil, or 
one thoroughly under-drained, we should not care to show more than a 
foot of underpinning, unless we contemplated making use of rooms be- 
low the first floor. This cottage design has become quite popular, and 
can be built at a moderate cost of about $3,800. — See Woodward'' s Architect- 
ure and Mural Art^ No. \,fGr 1867. 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 13 

at the top of the hill and running west for two miles. Here he is lay- 
ing out a magnificent avenue 100 feet wide, and throughout the whole 
distance bordering it with the finest and most luxuriant trees. 

On the top of the hill will be placed a reservoir for supplying the 
town with water, a charter for that purpose having been obtained from 
the New Jersey Legislature, and in connection with which an observatory 
is to be erected. 

On the north-east slope of the hill Mr. Paulison is arranging a private 
park and setting out ornamental trees. He intends to surround this 
with a handsome fence, allow the use of keys to the neighbors, and 
make it of the same nature as St. John's Park was in this city. Already 
a very pretty rustic summer house has been erected on the brow of the 
hill, from which are beautiful views. 

From the summit of the hill, ah ! pen and pencil cannot describe the 
lovely landscape spread out beneath ! Away from the north and reach- 
ing down to the east, lies spread out the fertile valley of the Passaic, 
hemmed in between the elevated table-lands clad in forest trees. No one 
who can afibrd a spare afternoon should fail to take an excursion trip 
thither, and drink in one of the most lovely views of rural scenery to 
be found within many miles of the city. 

Here we can behold the coming train, moving so smoothly, yet rap- 
idly and majestically along, imparting life and variety to the scene. 

It is a spot from which one can view to advantage the whole village 
and the large extended plains beneath, which one day will be thickly 
studded with " village homesy 

The lots oflfered for sale do not remain long without a purchaser ; many 
of them have been taken, and there are inquiries every day. Mr. Paul- 
ison prefers to ask a ftiir price of $150 to $250, and have them all easily 
sold, than speculate on a man's necessities, by raising the price when- 
ever there is a great demand. His good sense earns for him the praise 
of every one in this respect. 

The prices of lots in other parts of the village vary greatly, and gener- 
ally are too high. On the street immediately near the depot, and partly 
built up, buihliug lots 25x130 feet are selling for $500 each. It seems 
a high price for country or village property, yet as convenient a situation 
could not be obtained for less than three times that price in the same 
riding distance from the City Hall, either in New York or Brooklyn. 

In a general manner we may say building lots within five minutes 
walk of Passaic Depot are not worth over $300 each, and ten nunuteg 
walk, S150 to $200. 



14 SUBURBAN HOMES. 

CLIFTON. 

This is tlie name of a new station 14 miles from New York, and reach- 
ed daily by three trains, occupying 52 minutes. It is situated nearly 
midway between Passaic and Paterson, and is the name of a property 
recently purchased by several gentlemen with a view to immediate im- 
provement. It must be admitted, it is without exception, the finest po- 
sition for rural residences and village sites now remaining unoccupied 
around New York. One has but to stand upon an eminence, and look- 
ing in every direction, behold the most lovely scenery. Towards the 
south and west is stretched out a beautiful undulating region clothed 
in living green, descending in easy curves into pleasant little valleys 
and rising up to easy and richly cultivated slopes. On either hand are 
forests, and here the lover of the picturesque could find everything to 
gratify his eye and taste. This plane runs along for a mile or more, 
bounded between the railroad and the plank road, every part of which 
affords a desirable building spot. On the north rises a still higher plane, 
level, free from any forest, and if properly laid out in handsome avenues, 
would eclipse in desirability any other point of attraction. 

Fine views are obtained from any part of it, to the south, west, north 
and east, Paterson and Passaic may be seen at the same time, Avhile 
between is spread out that lovely valley of the Passaic, whose charms 
all will admit. 

The Clifton Company have purchased here about four hundred acres 
of land, well situated for building purposes. It has a frontage of half a 
mile on the plank road, and extends back to the south-west over a mile. 

It is designed to sell the property to parties who will at once proceed 
to erect first class dwellings for their own use, thus securing a desirable 
class of residents. To such persons special inducements will be offered. 
The neighborhood is healthy, water excellent and easily obtained. 

The property is not yet publicly in the market for sale, but survey's 
are now being made, and when completed, the lands will be thrown open 
for occupation. We believe Mr. R. C. Bacot, of Exchange Place, Jersey 
City, civil engineer, has charge of the property, and may be seen occa- 
sionally at Clifton station. 

A new and handsome station is to be l)uilt, the land having been given 
for the purpose, also $4,000 in money. The day is not for distant when 
Clifton will he one of the most popular places around the City, even ex- 
celling Orange. Already several acres of land near the station have- been 
sold for SI, 000 per acre. We trust the land company will be so mindful 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 15 

of their interests and repntation as to sell at reasonable prices, and if 
there is a fair demand, not increase them, l)ut be thankful they are able 
to sell them so well. 

Immediately beyond Clifton is 

P A T E R S N , 

the Capital of Passaic County, New Jersey. It is situated 17 miles from 
New York, and for the accommodation of its citizens, sixteen trains 
each way, daily, stop here, the trip occupying 55 minutes. 

It is a well built city, with paved streets, wide and straiglit, well 
lighted with gas, and contains many handsome residences. 

It derives its importance principally from its manufactures and manu- 
facturing facilities. Here are more than 20 cotton mills with an aggre- 
gate capital of several millions of dollars, producing cotton yarn, cotton 
duck, &c. Here are also extensive machine shops, paper mills, steam 
engine works, silk, flax, hemp, wick, twine and carriage manufactories, 
printing, dying and bleaching establishments, and the locomotive works 
of Grant, Rogers, and Danforth, Cook & Co., the largest of the kind in 
the United States. There are more tlian 75 in number of the various manu- 
factories, representing a capital of many millions of dollars. The Passaic 
River, leaping over the Passaic Falls and Rapids, with a total descent of 
72 feet, affords an immense water power, which by means of dams and 
canals, gives motion to innumerable mills. 

From its easy connection with Morris Canal and Erie Railway, Pater- 
son enjoys manufacturing advantages and facilities of a superior nature. 

There are about 25 churches in the place, representing every denomina- 
tion. Reformed Dutch, Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Episcopalian, 
Independents, Catholics, &c., 2 banks, 2 newspaper offices, 7 public and 
20 private schools, man}'^ good hotels, and several societies, philosophical 
or mechanical. 

It contains a population a little over 30,000, and has a large local 
trade. The location is very healthy, as in fact are all points along the 
Railway hither, and very favorably situated as concerns the slope of the 
land. It is in the heart of an agricultural and fruit growing region — its 
markets are constantly supplied with the freshest and best vegetables 
and fruits in their season. There is also a good supply of water. In ad- 
dition to the large population connected with the manufacturing opera- 
tions of the place, there is by far a much larger portion of families of 
business men who occupy neat cottages, and live in good, comfortable 



16 SUBURBAN HOMES. 

style. Nearly all can be included between a cost of from ^2,000 to ^6,000. 
Very few are offered for rent ; if so, at prices varying from ^400 to $600, 
and quickly taken. By watching the real estate records, or keeping well 
informed through an agent, one can learn from time to time of good 
property for sale. Very choice lots command ^1,200 to ^1,400, and the 
average price of good building lots is about 01 ,000. Some can be ob- 
tained as loAv as $250. 

The new street, Broadwaj^ is fast becoming filled with first class resi- 
dences, and lots maybe purchased there for SI, 000. A little distance 
away, say a mile from the station, land may be obtained for about $1,500 
per acre. 

The Public Schools are conducted in a manner which has elicited the 
approbation of all ; they are numerously attended, and the progress of 
the pupils is very creditable; there are private schools which offer 
superior inducements to parents wishing to have their children in- 
structed in the higher branches of a liberal education. The churches 
are all that a Christian community could desire, being large, well attend- 
ed and in a flourishing condition. New ones also are being erected to 
accommodate the wants of the growing city. 

From the lofty heights just west of the town, grand views can be had 
of Passaic Falls, a very attractive summer resort, the city of Paterson, 
and the farming country beyond. No tourist should forget this spot. 

Paterson possesses an advantage not enjoyed by Passaic and smaller 
places nearer New York, that of being a stopping place for Express Trains, 
of which there are four each way daily, affording to business men addi- 
tional conveniences. 

It is confidently believed by the inhabitants that their population will 
reach 50,000 within five years. Leaving Paterson, we are taken to 

NORWOOD, 

19 miles from New York, and situated just at the crossing of the Passaic 
river by the railroad bridge. Some attention is now being paid to this 
locality. To the right is spread out a smooth slope, which, rising grad- 
ually up the side of a hill and extending far beyond, offers advantages 
of a very favorable nature to those desiring to build. The land near 
the railroad is elevated ten or fifteen feet above the level of the river, and 
the bank is picturesquely shaded by thick evergreens and deciduous trees. 
About one-third of a mile north-east is the famous race course, largely 
patronized at stated seasons of the year. 



li!i|li::!,„„[||l|lj|| 

'^''liiiiiii 




SUBURBAN HOMES. 17 

Those wlio have objections to settlement here on account of the races, 
may find some satisfaction in the prevailing opinion that this obstacle 
will in all probabilitj'- be shortlj^ removed. 

A wide avenue or boulevard is now being laid out through this land 
called Fifth Avenue, leading to the summit of the hill, from which an 
extensive view can be had of the valley lying beneath and the mountain 
side beyond. It is a good location for any prospective village. One 
hundred acres are now for sale at prices from $250 to S500 per acre. A 
depot will soon be built. A number of trains already stop there on 
signal. Already several fine houses have been built and more are in 
process of erection. 

Beyond Norwood we pass through the valley of the Passaic for three 
miles ; sometimes the land is low, and again rises high and forms table- 
land of an extensive surface, through which the road passes by a deep 
cut. There are two such places suitable for laying out a village and 
the establishment of a station. Land in this vicinity is now worth about 
$150 per acre. 

We now reach 

R I D G E W D, 

distant 22 miles from New York and accessible daily by six trains ; time 
1 hour 15 minutes. The immediate surroundings of the station at first 
sight are not of the most flattering chai-acter, but a few steps to the 
east carries the observer by an easy descent to one of the most fertile 
valleys of New Jerse3^ It is about three miles wide and four miles long, 
and being surrounded by a range of hills covered with forest trees, and 
containing fine cultivated farms, is sheltered from cold winds and bears 
an air of comfort and plenty. A few steps from the station to the west 
takes the observer to an eminence, from which he beholds another beau- 
tiful valley and the slope of the hills beyond, dotted here and there with 
neat farm houses, and in the distance are seen the houses of the village 
of Godwinville. A new York business man can here find true content- 
ment, and realize, if anywhere, his ideal of country life. It is really a 
happy scene, and the reader by glancing at the two excellent views in 
this Guide of the scenery in this l^eautful valley, can form a good idea of 
the advantages it ofiers for the selection of a country residence. 

An enthusiastic writer says of this region : 

" The farms are well cultivated and kept in good condition, having a 
strong soil well adapted for grain, grass and' fruit. The place has not 
exhibited much adornment, but within a few years past tl],ere has been 



18 SUBURBAN HOMES. 

a great improvement in tliis respect. Farmers liere as elsewliere usually 
look more to what is sul)stantial and productive in life than to that 
which pleases the eye and gratifies the taste. The farms here are very 
beautifully located, and thus far they have escaped the eye of the denizen 
of the cit}'. People at this place breathe fresh air, drink the best of 
wholesome spring water, tread on good honest ground, have enough to 
eat, and know nothing about mosquitoes. These vexatious insects 
sometimes find their way here from New York and the adjacent mea- 
dows, but they are killed as soon as seen, and the people when night 
comes go to bed and enjoy a good sleep. It is a hard thing to overcome 
prejudices, and it is an impossibility to make some people believe that 
here in New Jersey we have only here and there a mosquito, but it is a 
fact, and there is no harm in telling the truth. 

Here are gently sloping hills of moderate size, undulating and hiding 
behind each other, apparently the tapering off of the Ramapo mountains. 
From all the elevated positions there are beautiful landscapes, extend- 
ing as far as the eye can reach, and there is also in full view Paterson, 
Passaic, Belleville and Euglewood, 

Here is an excellent opportunity of securing a country home, for he 
who would enjoy beautiful plains can have them, and he who would 
prefer elevated ground and hills cannot fail of being suited to his taste. 

All that is needed to make this section of country one of the most de- 
sirable within twenty miles of New York is men of capital who are dis- 
posed to use it. An investment in this section would surely be a good 
one. There is every reason to look forward with the certainty of seeing 
this place dotted with beautiful homes, awa}^ from the cares of the me- 
tropolis, where after the toils of the day, man can go home to his fomily 
and live.'''' 

Within the past year some little attention has been called to the advan- 
tages of Ridge wood, and many purchases of property have been made 
for improvement and occupancy. 

The value of land is moderate enough to suit all. Near the station 
desirable lots of a few acres each have been recently sold for about ^400 
per acre to parties who will soon build; there are farms, however, 
Avithin a short distance east or west, which may be bought for ^200 to 
S300 per acre. It must be stated, however, that there is some little 
speculation on the part of land owners, and prices asked by them are 
generally regarded too high, — as for instance, there are 3 acres opposite 
Ridgewood station for which S5000 is asked, and for which ^700 an acre 
would be a fair and reasonable price. 



,i!if l''''i'''^'J^l'if'i!"SM^^ 



'^ \ i\i 




'i\ i' 



, \ii 



ii« 



0m.' 



Illlil!'. 




SUBURBAN HOMES, 19 

The schools here are the usual district ones and are well disciplined. 
A considerable number of scholars attends school in Paterson and New 
York, going and returning daily by railwaj'. There is believed to be an 
excellent chance to establish a select school in the neighborhood, which 
would be self-supporting and prove a remunerative undertaking. 

A good opportunity for a hotel is also presented, where a sufficient 
number of summer boarders could be secured to make the enterprise a 
paying one. 

The roads are all good and offer excellent drives. In the neighbor- 
hood are churches of the Ptcformed Dutch, Episcopal, Secession and 
Methodist. 

Building materials are much cheaper here than in the city. Lumber 
is brought to the station directl}- from the forests and saw mills of west- 
ern Pennsylvania and New York. Good stores and coal yards are loca- 
ted near the station sufficient to supply the increasing business of the 
neighborhood. The whole region is eminently healthy. In point of time 
Ridgewood is easier of access than any place above Yonkers on the Hud- 
son River, and in point of comfort of travel, far superior. 

Leaving Ridgewood depot, the road winds close to the mountain on 
the one side, and on the other is supported l)y a high embankment, over- 
looking the numerous houses and farms below. The observer from the 
car windows now catches a full view of the loveliest valley of New Jersey. 
Travelers over the Erie Railway frequently state that this is the hand- 
somest region of the whole route, and alwaj^s look long and delightedly 
on the beautiful landscape spread out beneath and far beyond. 

After passing through a deep cut of red sandstone wliicli overlooks the 
placid face of a beautiful stream, and after crossing a stupendous culvert 
we reach 

H H K U S , 

24 miles from New York, and by six trains daily can i)e reached in 1 
hour and 20 minutes. 

The contentment, which is a characteristic of the people of this section, 
has evinced itself in their retention of the old Indian name of Holwkm, 
(signifying Hollow Rock, from a curious form in the red sandstone near,) 
for their station and neighborhood. 

Little can be seen from the station. On the left rises a steep moun- 
tain, clad from summit to base with a thick umbrageous foliage. 

A few steps to the east opens one of the finest inland views our coun- 
try aflbrds. The tame and level sandy plains to the south and east are 



20 SUBURBAN HOMES. 

here changed to the undulating variety of landscape, and the finely wood- 
ed hills with their primeval forests, and the green meadows of the valleys 
with their numerous purling brooks, combine to afibrd never-ending en- 
joyment to admirers of rural scenery. The principal streams are the 
Hohokus and Saddle Rivers, both running their course rapidly over nu- 
merous falls, natural and artificial, to the more quiet level of the lower 
country. 

The land in the immediate vicinity of the station is held by Messrs. J. 
J. Zabriskie and E. Rosencrantz, wealthy owners of cotton factories in 
the neighborhood, who having inherited the same have always per- 
manently resided there, and whose interests are identified with the pros- 
perity, thrift and improvement of the neighborhood and its society. 
Neither they nor owners more remote within a circuit of one mile have 
ever formed a land company, or attempted to force sales through land 
agents or speculators, or to inflate its value by bogus transactions 
among themselves. « 

Several gentlemen of taste and wealth have given evidence of their 
appreciation of the beauties and advantages of the neighborhood, by 
purchasing and improving their land. 

We may mention particularly Mr. Wm. Libbey, a partner of the emin- 
ent house of A. T. Stewart & Co., who has purchased largely for his own 
use, and is now erecting several houses of an exceedingly neat and 
tasteful appearance. 

Other wealthy citizens unite in their commendation of the healthful- 
ness and salubrity of this delightful valley. 

Two of the great drawbacks of country residences on the tide-water — 
fever and mosquitoes — are entirely unknown. 

Farming lands with ordinary improvements can be had at varying 
prices depending upon location, quality and condition, at from $70 to 
^200 per acre within one mile of the station. 

On the elevated land above and south of the station, are many choice 
situations for residences, wdiich command a full prospect of the sur- 
rounding country. It is well sheltered by woods and watered by springs, 
has a fertile soil and is worth SlOO per acre. 

In the neighborhood of the station , in an easterly or northerly direc- 
tion, good building spots can be purchased for $300 per acre. 

There is a fine grove near at hand, a favorite resort for pic-nics. 

Churches of Reformed Dutch, Methodist, Episcopalian and Roman 
Catholic denominations are not far off". 

We would recommend man^ New York citizens to buy excuvsioij 




Design No. 4.— A Rustic or Sea-Side Cottage. 



^l^^ 



-nrm 







First Floor. 



Second Floor. 



DESIGN No. 4. 

This cottage was intended for a summer resort on the sea-side, for a 
small family keeping but one servant; yet it possesses advantages to 
entitle it to consideration as a permanent country residence. It will be 
seen to combine Avith a picturesque exterior, convenience of arrangement 
and economy of construction. 

It was intended to be built of wood (balloon framed), filled in with 
brick, and roofed with shingles, cut in patterns, and finished throughout 
in a plain cottage-like but substantial manner — the posts, rail, &c., of 
the veranda to be formed of the trunks and branches of the red cedar 
tree, left rough, with the bark on. 

The engraving is a perspective view of the entrance front, and the 
eastern garden side, as seen from the gate. 

The accommodation consists of seven good rooms, a cellar, and all 
other necessary conveniences. 

Mr. F. S. Copley, of Tompkinsville, Staten Island, designed the plan, 
and a more full description can be found in AVood ward's Rural Art, for 
1868. Its cost is about S4,500. 

It will be seen by reference to the plans, that the rooms are all placed 
on the side of the sun and views, well lighted and ventilated, with direct 
and easy access from one to another, fitting it as well for a permanent 
home as a summer resort. The exterior is most picturesquely broken, 
each side presenting a bold and different design. 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 2l 

tickets and visit this beautiful region. We are sure they will experience 
the highest pleasure in beholding views of the most lovely scenery. 

Beyond Hohokus, the land as viewed for many miles from the railroad, 
is not quite so inviting. If we take the country road to the right, we 
pass through a level or partially rolling countrj^ which is either stony 
or covered with underbrush. This could be bought for $150 to 0200 per 
acre, and a little expenditure of money and time would render this 
ground smooth, fertile and productive. 

ALLENDALE, 

26 miles from New York, and within 1 hour and 25 minutes ride by six 
trains daily, consists simply of the station, two stores and a few farm 
houses. 

Its appearance at present is somewhat indifferent, yet the land being 
naturally level, could be easily improved. That on the west side is 
owned by a single farmer, who will not dispose of it. On the eastern side 
land could be bought for 0150 to S200 per acre. There is one church 
and one school near. 

This station stands second on the road in the shipment of berries to 
the New York market. 

Following the country road for about a mile the land is rough and 
rocky, but on ascending a hill we obtain a very good view of the sur- 
rounding country. Here we find some good farm land and berry gardens, 
worth 050 to 0100 per acre. 

RAMSEY'S. 

This village is 28 miles from New York, and within 1 hour and 30 
minutes ride by six daily trains. It contains several stores and small 
manufactories, and is a place of considerable local trade. It stands first 
in importance for the production of strawberries. During the season of 
1866 there were sent to New York no less than 1,051,210 baskets of this 
delicious fruit. 

Much of the land in the neighborhood is low and wet, but in the im- 
mediate vicinity of the station it is dry and well adapted for building 
purposes. Lots 25 by 100 feet can be purchased for 050 to 0150, farm- 
ing land 0150 to 0200. A Seceded Dutch Church already exists there, 
and two more churches are being erected. 

A new station is being built of about the same size as that at Boiling 
Spring. It is a pretty good indication of the enterprise of the place and 
will be a great advantage to it. There are already several first class 
residences in process of erection. 



22 SUBURBAN HOMES. 

Beyond Ilamse5^'s the appearance of the country is first dull, but grad- 
ually its character improves; on the right is a lovely, sloping hill, ex- 
tending back half a mile, interspersed with gToves and detached trees. 
This continues until we reach 

M A H W A H , 

a new station, and as yet but a small settlement. Its location is one of 
the most eligible for a village or country residence beyond Hohokus. Its 
natural advantages deserve attention. 

From Mahw^ah the mountains fell back, and leave a wide open plain, 
upon wiiich is spread out, 

SUFFERN, 

distant 32 miles from New York, and accessible daily by nine trains. 
Time, by Express, 1 hour 30 minutes. To the left of the road, after leav- 
ing Ramsey's, the land is swampy and low, which alternates with high 
farming land, until near Suflern, wiien it becomes permanently level and 
dr}'-, and farm houses and cottages become quite frequent. 

Suftern derives its importance principally from the fact of its being the 
junction of the Piermont and Jersey City branches of the road. In com- 
ing from the latter place it has passed over what were formerly known 
as three railroads, — the New York and Paterson, the Paterson and Ram- 
apo, extending to the boundary line of New Jersey, and the Union Road 
from thence to Suflern. 

From the station rises a splendid hill, aftbrding the lover of the pic- 
turesque a grand opportunity to gratify his tastes, and from which a view 
can be o1)tained more than repaying for the ftitigue of the ascent. 

Here properly commences the mountain scenery of the Ramapo Valley, 
so famous in sketches and guide books. 

The place itself is not large, containing but about 800 inhabitants, yet 
it is favored with many fine residences of wealthy business men from New 
York, who make it their home. It is quite a favorite summer resort, and 
the pure, healthful country air, together with good drives and romantic 
scenery, have magic influence. 

It contains an Episcopal and Dutch Reformed Church, and there are 
being erected also a Methodist and Catholic. 

The position and price of the land is very flivorable for the growth of 
a village. Improved land in farms can be had from $50 to S200 per acre, 
and building lots 50x200 from $50 to S300. 

Leaving Suflern we enter 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 23 



THE RAMAPO VALLEY, 

A region iiiterestiDg ou account of its romantic scenery, famed for its 
iron ore, and ricli in incidents of Revolutionary History. 

During the Revolution, this was the only route over which communi- 
cation was held between New York and the western counties of the 
State. 

•Many of Washington's letters were dated here, and there are still visi- 
ble the marks of the intrenchments, on the ridges toward the North ; 
and in the woods directly opposite, are traces of the fires of the French 
Allies. A little East of Suftern is pointed out an old farm house, which 
wtis used hj Washington as his headquarters, while here with his army. 

As we pass along, we observe first a valley at our left, whose extent 
is hemmed beyond by the steep mountain ridge which now follows us as 
a con.stant companion for many miles. 

We soon cross the Ramapo River, over a new and improved bridge, and 
now claim it as another, and a very attractive companion also, having 
led a wild and useful life as a mill-brook on its course hither, it comes 
down to meet us, greeting us in its placidity with a quiet welcome. 

From the embankment here, we obtain our first view of the beauties 
of the vallej^ and foremost is The Tom — the jutting out or shoulder, as 
you may call it, of the Ramapo Gap. 

" The scene is just such an one as Durand would like to paint — so per- 
fect in its composition — a happy mixture of the gentle and the wild, the 
sublime and the beautiful, standing under the vine-hung sycamore, you 
see the Ramapo coming toward you through a sea of level meadow. On 
tlie right a group of beeches overshadows its stream, in which cattle 
stand knee-deep and drowsy. 

On the left rises a knoll, capped by a neat cottage covered with vines, 
while immediately opposite and in the centre "swells from the vale" the 
rocky crest of the ror;^— chief of the Ramapo clan. 

His is no monotonous mound of verdure, but he bares his rocky front, 
and shows it seamed and riven in successive layers, that stand out bold- 
ly in the light, and throw deep, mysterious shadows over his broad bosom. 
From the " steepled'" peak of the Torn a very extensive view, embracing 
even the harbor of New York, may be had for the climbing, and it is said 
that Washington often ascended there to watch the movements of the 
British fleet. On one of these excursions, we are also told he lost his 
watch ou the summit, and the legend has it that it is still going there 
" on tick." 



24 SUBURBAN HOMES. 

Still following up this romantic valley, we reach, in two miles 
distance 

R A M A P , 

w^hich is thirty-four miles from New York, and has three trains daily. 
Time 1 hour and 45 minutes. 

This station is interesting not alone from the picturesqueness of the 
situation, where the mountains closing nearly together, and rising pre- 
cipitately, leave but a narrow strip of soil, hut on account also of the 
thriving works and the great water power afforded by the damming of 
the stream, which here spreads out into a miniature lake. 

It was established in 1790 by J. G. Pierson & Brother, its water power 
having been emploj-ed in the manufacture of nails, iron, steel, cotton 
goods and wood screws. The first cut nails made in this country were 
made here, as also the invention of machinery for wood screws. 

On our right as we approached, we beheld a beautiful house, the resi- 
dence of H. L. Pierson, Esq., a prominent Director and one of the earliest 
friends of the Erie Railway, proprietor of nearly all the surrounding 
territory, and interested in its manufactories. 

On the opposite side of the stream is a neat hotel, called Terrace 
Hall, a pretty name, a pretty location, and an attractive summer resort, 
while gathering around the station or spread out further down the val- 
ley are the neat cottages of the operatives. 

The population is about 700. Contains a Presbyterian church, a 
Methodist society and a large district school. The Ramapo. Car 
Works employs 300 hands, and the Ramapo Wheel and Foundry Com- 
pany have capacity to make 120 wheels per day — at present employ 
some 40 hands. 

At a distance of one mile to the west of the railway, at the junction 
of the Sterling Railway, is the beautiful Potague Lake, nestled among 
the hills, about 500 feet above the valley. From this point a command- 
ing view is obtained of the surrounding mountams and the winding 
valley of the Ramapo. 

The water power of the whole valley is e^^cellent, and the air should be 
filled with the hum of a hundred manufactories. 

One mile on, the road suddenly bends toward the North, and opens 
into a wide fertile tract. By our side still glides the Ramapo, at one 
time quiet, and again rippling over the stones, while either bank is lined 
with willows. We pass another dam and reach 




Design Xo. 5. — *\- ii, vix (_ ottagi 




Fjrst Fj.oor, 



Second Floor. 



DESIGN No. 5 . 

This is a perspective view of a cottage designed to aflbrd a reasonable 
amount of accommodation for an averaged sized family, and which, if 
tastefully furnished, and fitted with suitable landscape surroundings, 
will convej^ a pleasing impression to all ; much more so than dwellings 
of a more expensive class, where sufficient attention is not given to such 
accessories. 

The plans of this house are compact, the rooms opening into each oth- 
er in such a manner as to afibrd easy communication and economy in 
heating. The porch is spacious, and more pleasant than the long narrow 
veranda. The supply of w^ater for all purposes is from a filtering cistern, 
which is connected with the kitchen sink by a pump. The entire house 
ma}' be heated bj- a furnace, hot water, or steam, as is most preferable ; 
or stoves may be used in nearly all the rooms, if first cost is to be closelj" 
considered. 

A passage underneatli the staircase connects with the side door from 
the vestibule, and, with the exception of the library, all parts of the house 
are accessible without passing through the rooms. Its present cost will 
be about ^5,500. Was l)uilt in 1808 for $3,500.— AVv Woodward's Counir>j 
Homes. 



SUBUllBAN HOMES. 25 



SLOATSBURG, 

Thirty-six miles from New York, and has four trains daily. Time one hour 
and 55 minutes. 

This is a pretty and thriving place, and as 5^ou look through noble trees, 
there is caught many a pretty view of the vallej^ and the ever present 
hills. There are many good opportunities for the selection of sites for 
residences. 

The population is about 500, engaged mostly in forming, lumbering 
and manufacturing. 

A Methodist church, one public school and a cotton twine manufac- 
tory are found here. The water power of the neighborhood and the 
manufticturing facilities are unsurpassed. 

The name of the place, as well as its enterprize is derived from Major 
Jacob Sloat, who was the inventor of the twine and proprietor of the 
mills and the grounds on which they stand. 

He inherited his property from his grandfather, to whom it was as- 
signed by five Indian chiefs in 1738. The settler being from Holland, the 
original conveyance is truly a literary curiosity — a strange compound of 
Dutch and Indian '•'lingo''' 

A curious anecdote is related, showing how the old spirit of opposition 
to improvements which characterized the old Dutch settlers, still existed 
at the time the Erie Railway was built. 

It applied to the adjacent communitj' of Johnston, where not many 
years ago, panthers and other roaring beasts of prey were to be found. 

" Every one, on first hearing the present style of steam whistle used 
on the Erie Railway, has been startled by its unearthly hoarseness, as 
though it had a bad cold, a 'church-yard cough,' so difierent from the 
old fashioned ear-piercing shrillness of pipe. Soon after the introduction 
of this asthmatic stranger in the Ramapo Valley, the village of Johnston 
was ' frightened from its propriety,' by strange and awful sounds in the 
forests, occurring day and night. 

" They were at once attributed to the wild animals holding their revels 
in the woods. It was believed some lingering specimen of the mastodon 
caused the row, and therefore one dark night, the villagers, collecting 
guns, axes and pitch-forks, lay in ambuscade for the monster at the hour 
he selected for his vocal exercises. At the usual hour the roar was 
heard, and so suddenly and so near that the party were about to hurry 
back to their anxious wives and mothers, when lo ! through the gloom 
of night issued the glaring cyclops eye of the locomotive, that treated 
2 



26 SUBURBAN HOMES, 

them with another blast from his hoarse lungs as he rushed by them, 
throwing sufficient consternation into the hearts of the little band to 
send them scampering in terror to their homes." 

From hence for 11 miles to Turner's the scenery is varied. Just beyond 
Sloatsburg the country is wild and rugged. AVe pass first a grove of 
trees, another dam and water power, then the hills spread out ftirther 
back; a little distance on we come to a ruined dam, aftbrding a fine 
opportunity for the establishment of a manuiiictory. The bed of the 
Ramapo is very rocky, still fringed with tall pine or evergreen trees, 
creeping up close between the road and the precipitous mountains which 
here gather close together and tower heavenward. Again there are 
grassy knolls and smooth meadows, pretty little waterfalls, and romantic 
little spots where the track crosses on bridges : the mountains at one time 
are bare and destitute of vegetation, again just covered with the young 
growing shrul)bery ; they grow gradually smoother, the slopes are not so 
steep, we whirl by a ruined mill, the valley permanently widens, the 
Ramapo dwindles down into a meadow brook, whose course onward to 
its source is now peaceful. The crests of the hills become shaven of the 
trees, and marked with fences into farms, and we foirly come into sight 
of the land "flowing with milk" and rich in butter; the receding hills 
seem to bow their heads, and sink lovingly in the embrace of the pas- 
tures stretching before us. 

Our course has been interrupted only by two stations. 

SOUTH FIELDS, 

6 miles from Sloatsburg, 42 miles from New York, 3 trains daily. Time 
1 hour 55 minutes. 

Southfields and vicinity has a population of from 300 to 500. Besides 
a cotton factory it contains a basket manufactory, a Methodist church, 
one public school, and two hotels. Great advantages for manufacturing 
facilities exist here. 

Value of land, $75 to $100 per acre. 

Two miles further is 

GREENWOOD, 

44 miles from New York, 2 trains daily. Time 2 hours 10 minutes. 

Omng to the mountainous character of the country there is not much 
improved land to be had in the neighborhood ; but good building sites, 
commanding beautiful views, can be readily found, and purchased at 
prices ranging from |125 to $150 per acre. The scenery is exceedingly 



strstJiiBA^^ SOMES. 



2? 



picturesque. There are numerous lakes in the mountains, most of them 
fine sheets of water, and all well stocked with fish. The mountain air 
of this section of the country is also remarkably healthy and invigora- 
ting. There is a furnace in successful operation here, the mountains 
around yielding to it their iron ore in prolific abundance, which is said 
to be the best in the country for cannon^ On our way hither we passed the 
romantic ruins of the old Augusta Iron Works. They were celebrated in 
their day, and were among the oldest in this region. The heavy chain 
placed across the Hudson at West Point, to check the advance of the 
British fleet was forged here. 

Greenwood has two churches, an Episcopal and Romanist. Besides 
a well conducted district school, there is a parish school attached to the 
Episcopal church. A new depot will soon be built. 

From Greenwood, we pass first through a smooth valley, the sides of 
whose hills are finely cultivated ; then we whirl by pastures and fields 
of grain. At one time the mountains are near the railroad, again dis- 
tant ; and as we proceed on our journey, the meadows widen and farm 
houses become more frequent, until after four miles' distance, winding 
around a graceful curve and turning toward the west, we reach the 
handsome station of 

TURNER'S, 

48 miles from New York, 8 trains daily. Time by Express, 1 hour 
65 minutes. 

The depot of this station is by far the finest on the entire road. Its 
cost was .$140,000, and is built of brick in the neatest style. It is 300 
feet long, 45 feet wide, and 3 stories high, with French roof and an ob- 
servatory. '' C.I (-t.- t) <^^t -i- 

The greater portion of it is used as a hotel, the upper floors being fur- 
riished in the handsomest style, and the first floor occupied as a dining 
room. It is the only place on the Eastern Division where trains stop 
for meals, and the excellent manner in which both hotel and restaurant 
are conducted, entitles it to honorable mention. 

There is no place which offers greater attractions to the city resident, 
desirous of a short sojourn in the country than this. The price of board 
is but ^3 per day, or ^12 per week, and the accommodations are fixr 
superior to those usually found at the Niagara or Saratoga hotels. Its 
capacity will accommodate 150 guests. 

We consider the claims this place presents to the notice of those desir- 
ing a country home, of a superior nature. It is within convenient dis- 



28 gUSuRBAN HOMES. 

tance of New York, and is a stopping place for all trains which rail 
west of it. If land owners would only show a disposition to sell build- 
ing lots at fair rates, and exhibit an eagerness and pride in the settle- 
ment and development of the place, it would soon be a popular resort. 

Turner's has the reputation of being the most picturesque station on 
the entire Division. Every variety of landscape which any lover of na- 
ture or admirer of diversified scenery could desire is here presented. 

Toward the East can be seen, with heightened beauty, the pleasant 
valley of the Ramapo. 

Toward the North commences a slope graduallj^ rising from the mea- 
dows, and rolling away Ixack into gentle hills, cultivated to the very top. 

To the South of the station there rises immediately an abrupt slope, 
clothed with a pretty group of trees; then, after a little level, it rises 
again in gentle undulations to the summit of the hill, and extends 
smoothly away beyond. 

Look now to the West, and catch that lovely view of intermingled 
farms, woods, meadows, hills and the other bewitching points of scenery, 
and think whether among such scenes you could not lind your beau-ideal 
of a home in the co^mtry. 

The lover of fine scenery should by all means ascend the hill north 
of the station, and from its summit view the country in every direction. 
Looking back he will see the beautiful valley he has just left ; in the 
foreground rises the attractive hotel, and beyond are the smooth and 
gradually ascending hills. To the west are seen Monroe and Middletown. 
Passing a few steps farther on we arrive at a point from which we have 
a charming view of the Mountain Gap, with its humble farm houses and 
rural church, while beyond are seen the silvery surface of the Hudson 
the town of Fishkill on the mountain slope, and the spires of Newburgh. 
We have not seen views of such beauty as these for many miles around. 
On the mountain opposite are lakes of considerable size and beauty. 

Turner's is surrounded in every direction with lakes of great attrac- 
tiveness. 

Rumseys Lahe^ 2 miles east, has a surface of 100 acres of water, with 
fine fishing of pickerel, perch, &c. 

Round Lake, 3 miles south-west, 200 acres. 

Little Long Lake, 3 J miles west, 1 mile long and | mile wide. 

Mou7it Basha Lake, 3 miles west, 800 acres, with splendid fishing of pick- 
erel and perch. 

Truxedo Lake, 6 miles south-west, is Ij mile long and \ mile wide. 

Slaughter's Lake, to the east, is 1 J mile long and 1 mile wide. 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 29 

Greenwood Lake is 10 miles south-Avest. 

There are also several mines within a short distance. Two and a half 
miles south-west are the O'Neil Iron Mines, and 3 or 4 miles distant are 
half a dozen belonging to the Greenwood Company. 

Ten miles south are the Sterling Iron Mines, which connect by a rail- 
way with the Erie Railway at Sterling Junction, between Sloatsburg 
and Ramapo. 

Newburgh is 16 miles north, and West Point 14 miles. 

The present population near the depot is from 100 to 125 ; their occu- 
pation mostly formers or other industrial pursuits. There is one Metho- 
dist church and a school near the depot, and at a distance of from 2 to 4 
miles are found other excellent schools and churches. 

The place has a small number of stores, a grist mill, and workshops. 

There is also a good water power near by. 

Three miles north, toward Newburgh, is Highland Mills, and 2 miles 
further on, is Woodbury, at both of which places are stores, manufac- 
tories, and a small population. 

The price of laud per acre near the station, where it can be bought, is 
from $200 to S300, according to size and location. Farms are worth 
from $80 to $150 per acre, according to quality and distance, say \ mile 
to 4 miles from the depot. 

Few improvements are in progress, although much desired. In the 
surrounding region are found plenty of game and lishing, while there are 
many little lakes among the mountains, afibrdmg ample opportunity for 
sport to those who love it. 

It is well here to speak of a special advantage enjoyed by the people 
residing between Turner's and Middletown or Port Jervis — that of rapid 
communication with New York, hj a special express train leaving Port 
Jervis at 6.30 A.M., and reaching New York at 9.55 A.M. Returning, 
leaves New York at 4.30 P.M., and arrives at Port Jervis 8.20 P.M. This 
train, owing to the fact of its making but one stop either way between 
Turner's and Jersey City — a distance of 47 miles, and accomplished iu 
1 hour and 40 minutes — is very popular Avith the residents of Orange 
Count}', and has had its eft'ect in inducing many wealthy New York 
merchants to purchase farms and erect permanent residences here, in- 
stead of remaining in New York or even purchasing on the Hudson 
River. The uniformly cheap price of land, taken in connection with its 
convenience to New York, renders Orange County a very desirable place 
of residence. 

We now enter the great dairy region, that has made the name of Orange 
county world-wide for excellence in milk and butter. 



30 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 



For a distance of 12 miles to Goshen, we see tlie finest scenery of tlie 
County near the road. To the railway traveler the south side is prefer- 
able for observation for this short distance, although the north side is 
also worthy of attention. 

Traveling through such a fine region two miles we arrive at 

MONROE. 

It is situated in the upper part of what is termed " The Clove," a valley 
formed in an angle of the Highlands and Schuuemunk Ridge. It 
contains a population of about 400 engaged in the usual variety of 
village occupations. 

There are two churches in the place, Presbyterian and Methodist, also 
an Episcopal service. Within easy access are 2 schools of good degree 
of excellence. It contains also a good hotel. 

The business of the place is mostly dependent upon the rich agricultu- 
ral and mining region in the vicinity, the products of which find their 
way hence to market. 

The land about Monroe ranks amongst the best in Orange County, 
farms selling at from $100 to $200 per acre, tillage lots from $5 to S30 
per foot of front, according to location. 

Being situated in the midst of a romantic mountain region, it afibrds 
many pleasant drives, presenting the eye in succession with all the con- 
trasts of wildest nature and charming cultivation, and is in the midst of 
what may be termed the lake region of Orange County. Here, within 
a circuit of ten miles, are many fresh water lakes from 1 to 9 miles in 
extent — Mount Baslia, Truxedo and Greenwood. 

Greenwood Lake is distant onlj^ 10 miles from Monroe, and during the 
summer season has a convenient communication by stage, occup3ing 
only two hours' time in riding. It is a beautiful little lake nestling lov- 
ingl}^ among the mountains, and is a great summer resort on account 
of its beautiful and picturesque scenery, its celebrated fishing, and its 
salubrious atmospher(\ 

The Windermicr House,\vith its grounds embracing four hundred acres, 
is the principal resort for visitors, and the hotel is filled every summer 
with families from New York Avho remain as permanent boarders 
during the season. The accommodations of the hotel are excellent, and 
there is every inducement and opportunity oftered to gratify pleasure. 
The visitor should by all means ascend the mountain, and standing on a 
rock behold a most remarkable view ; on the one side he sees the valley 
of the lake he has just left, and on the other the mountain descend 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 



31 



alDruptly into the Warwick A'alley, with towns and villages and farm 
honses dotted here and there, while beyond is spread out in almost il- 
limitable expanse the largest and most fertile part of Orange County, 
stretching away to the Shawangunk Mountains in the far west. 




-i i 



-'-^iiipspji 



A sail up and down Greenwood Lake and a visit to Cedar Swamp — a 
great natural curiosity — are sources of much pleasure to tourists. 

Monroe is 50 miles from New York, 4 passenger trains daily each -vvay, 
time about 2 hours, 



32 SUBURBAN HOMES. 

Leaving Monroe we enter a light descending grade, and suddenly there 
breaks upon our sight from the south the very choicest of Orange Coun- 
ty scener}' ; a beautiful landscape with meadows in front, the cultivated 
hills receding in the distance, and closed up b}- the conical summit of 
Sugar Loaf. 

What a charm the whole picture possesses, and how worthy the ex- 
pression of highest admiration, and the facile touches of the artist's pencil ! 

Two miles thus and we reach 

OXFORD, 

fifty-two miles from New York, 3 trains daily, time 2 hours. 

It contains a small population of about 100; 2 churches, Methodist 
and Friends ; 2 schools of good character, together with the usual variety 
of stores and mechanical shops. The character of the inhabitants is of 
a superior order, composed mostly of an intelligent, sociable and well-to- 
do class of farmers. 

The quality of the soil is of a sandy loam, in a high state of cultivation, 
and worth from $liO to $200 per acre near the station. Fine building 
lots, within a few rods of the depot, are worth from SlOO to $250. 

There are several lakes within easy distance, and with good roads, 
there is abundant opportunity for exercise and pleasure in riding, boat- 
ing and fishing. 

Within one mile, on the summit of the well known Bull Hill, is mined 
the iron used in the manufacture of the celebrated Parrott Gun, and there 
is frequent occasion for many excursions thither. 

There are superior accommodations for boarders among the numerous 
farm houses, which are well patronized in summer by the best people of 
New York, and many who come to see the place find too often that the 
accommodations have been all secured long beforehand. 

There is a good opportunity presented for the building of boarding 
hotels, for those who frequent the place in the summer season. 

Many fine fiirming residences are being erected, thus evincing the taste 
and prosperity of the community. 

GREY COURT, 

two miles further, is important only as the junction of the branch rail- 
roads from Newburgh and Warwick. We shall have occasion to speak 
separately of these branches presently. 

There are at present, beside the depot buildings, 2 hotels, and one or 
Uyo houses in the place, 



^--^ 




Jp. 



1-vjs 



Dks:gn No. 6— A Gable Cottagk. 




First Floor. 



J 


BEDR . 
'2X14 


J--^ 


BED R 


\^i 


BED a. 1 


3X.I4'6/anQ^ 


3XI4'6'J 


k. J 




V >1 


1 


''bed r 


J 


Sec( 


ND F 


LOOR. 



DESIGN No. 6. 

This design is quite compact, and can be worked out into a very neat 
and prettj^ home, and the rooms changed to suit the exposure. Put the 
Iiall on the north side, and a south window can "be had in three rooms on 
the first floor and three rooms on the second floor ; and if the kitchen 
wdng be extended, and the kitchen removed back, four rooms can, by 
sliding doors, be thrown together. The ventilation is very perfect, and 
each room would command good views. For a summer residence, where 
every breeze is desirable, this w^ould be a good plan ; and it is good for 
many other reasons ; it is easily heated, and the housework can be done 
with few steps. 

In the exterior we give, by way of variety, the hipped or truncated 
gable, a style of finish we do not verj^ much admire, but which will some- 
times answer where there is not a disposition to do too much of it. We 
call to mind a suburban district where one or two leading citizens intrj 
duced this notion when it was less common than now, and the fashion 
thus set has been persistently followed, until it has become quite a disa- 
greeable feature. Make the gables pointed, and this design, both outside 
and inside, is a good one. Can be built for about $4,000. — See Woodivard''s 
Arehitodiire and Rural Art, No, '[.for 1867. 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 33 

The branch road to Xewbiirgh, running through a rich and attractive 
region, was built by the Erie Raihva}^ Compan}^ and forms part of their 
road. It Mas formally opened on the 8th of January, 1850. 

The anticipations then formed of bringing the trade of the rich valleys 
west and south into direct communication with the main line, have been 
realized. Its width of track is the same ; length, 18| miles ; and its 
cost about 6750,000. 

The flats here, known as the Greycourt Meadows, are one mile wide„ 
and present evident appearance of having been once the basin of some, 
great sheet of water. 

At the time of the building of the railroad over the meadows, it was 
found necessary to build upon a foundation of huge piles, driven nearly 
90 feet into the earth, and set 6 feet apart, the soil being too soft to ad- 
mit of laying the track otherwise. The bridge thus formed has been 
tilled in with dirt, rendering it very efiective and durable. 

These meadoAvs present a fine appearance in summer, when the crops 
of corn, onions, potatoes and other vegetables are seen growing upon 
black soil, apparently of infinite depth and richness. 

Many specimens of mastodons have been found here, one 33 feet long, 
presenting from its position when found, the appearance of having been 
mired. 

NEAVBURGH AND WARWICK BRANCHES. 

The traveler as he stops at or passes by the station of Greycourt, sur- 
•ounded by its meadows, and burned with the unremitting heat of the 
sun, would hardly imagine that along the course of the tracks which he 
observes diverging both north and south, lies scenery which few regions 
of this country can surpass. An eminent military General, who had trav- 
eled much through the South, and seen some of the finest mountain and 
valley views that sunny land can boast of, said he had seen nothing to 
exceed the beauty of this valley except only that of the Shenandoah in 
Virginia. He believed nothing could surpass that in loveliuess. 

No finer day's excursion can be made by the tourist or excursionist, 
than to leave New York at 8 A. M., reaching Greycourt in time to ex- 
change for Warwick, where an hour can be well and profitably spent, 
thence returning through the whole of this valley to Newl^urgh, reach- 
ing there at 2.45 P.M., in time for either a pleasant sail down the Hudson 
to New York, or by ferry to Fishkill, and thence by rail. A day can thus 
be spent, the enjoyment and pleasantness of which will not soon be for- 
gotten, while the traveler will catch the cl;(?JQe§t bits of landscape lying 
within reach of the great city, 
2* 



34 



SUBURBAX HOMES. 



Going south there are few stations of any importance in size before 
reaching Warwick the terminus. 

EAST C H E S T E II , 

Is simply an off-shoot of a few houses from the main village, a mile 
west. The whole of Orange County is beautiful, but the inhabitants of 
the towns on this branch, will admit no claim of superiority to their 
own section. 

Around these villages are landscapes, that feast the eye of the lover of 
Nature, and within easy reach are places which battle all attempts at 
description. One part of a village is perclied upon a commanding hill, 
another hidden beneath the brow, nestling at the foot as it were for pro- 
tection and 

" Round about it orchards sweep 
Apple and Pear Trees laden deep." 

Just below East Chester station, a splendid landscape is -spread out, 
full of beauty and grandeur. For a short distance the eye follows along 
the fields of verdant grass and Avaving grain, and then is fixed in admi- 
ration with the grandeur and glory of a mountain n\ hich conies within 
its scope. Upon the mountain sides are trees, grand old trees, which had 
they speech, and could tell the story of this beautiful valley which they 
look upon, would recite many a tale which no printed page or handed- 
dowu legend tells, 
bounded the echoii 
ing on its iron way through these beautiful fields of Orange. 

Down among the rocks, beneath and beside the trees, flows a moun- 
tain stream, sparkling and foaming as it tumbles over the stones and 
pebbles which form its bed. This is one place of natural beauty, but 
there are others, lakes, woods, mountains and groves, embracing a va- 
riety interesting to the tourist or prospective resident. 

As we approached Greycourt from the east by the main line, we be- 
held the grey bluft' of Sugar Loaf in the distance ; now, following down 
this branch road, we curve around its steep sides, hanging under its 
shelter, and enter that beautiful valle}', where slumber peaceful villages, 
and the slope of whose mountains are dotted with picturesque farm 
houses. It is not strange that here the well-known artists Cropsey and 
Beekman have located their summer residences. 

SUGAR LOAF STATION 

contains only a few houses but is prettily located, the same may be 
said of 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 35 



LAKE STATION AND STONE BRIDGE. 

Stone Bridge possesses one or two stores, one public school, two grist 
mills, one Methodist Episcopal Church, and a number of shops. 

The track follows along the Avestern slope of the valky and partially 
up the sides of the upland, passing on both sides beautiful farms, cul- 
tivated in the highest manner and of the richest character ; gradually 
there breaks upon our ^iew a lovely little sheet of water, so tranquil and 
sweet, that we cannot refrain our exclamation of pleasure at the sudden 
surprise. A few more miles brings us to the ancient town of 

W A R W I C K . 

It is a pleasant village of about 1,000 inhabitants. The surroundings 
are mountainous and romantic ; the local scenery interesting and pic- 
turesque. Through the centre of the village passes a swift running 
stream of water, known as the Wa^vayanda Creek, whose course from 
source to outlet, is through beautiful meadows, which needs only to be 
seen to be appreciated. Within the village limits are many cosy residences, 
belonging to those engaged here in business, or to those who have retired 
from business life, while quite a numljer of wealthy people from the city 
of New York have their summer seats here. The visitor should take the 
road leading south or south-east, ascend the hill for half a mile, and be- 
hold the vast expanse away down the valley of mingled farms, groves, 
and meadows, and then feel the truth of the remark of the General we 
have referred to. 

The place supports 6 churches — Presbyterian, Methodist, New School 
Baptist, Old School Baptist and Episcopal. There are the usual district 
schools and an excellent academy which receives its patronage from 
states and counties around. 

The place is supplied with stores and shops of all kinds, 3 manufacto- 
ries, 3 well-kept hotels, and 1 newspaper, (the Warwick Advertiser,) having 
a large local circulation. A new cemetery is being laid out, and other 
improvements are being constantly made. 

The soil is generally of the best and most productive in the county, 
while it is also noted for being well tilled. Every variety of agricul- 
tural product is raised, though the inclinatiou of the farming interest is 
to stock. 

The whole surface of the town is rolling, with hills of moderate eleva- 
tion, not sharp but rounded off. 

The price of land varies according to size, locality- and quality, from 



36 SUBURBAN HOMES. 

$100 to .f 150 per acre, just without the village. Village lots of Mo i 
acre range from $300 to 0500. 

There is an amusing incident related concerning some meadows just 
on the borders of the Town of Warwick. A Mr. Bradner asked permis- 
sion of the commissioner of highways to change the direction of the 
highway near his dwelling, by carrying it in a straight course across a 
meadow for some two hundred yards, thus shortening the road. The 
request was granted on condition that he would make the new equally 
as good as the old road, which passed around the head of the meadow, 
along the high dry land. Mr. Bradner commenced filling up the new 
tract, till he had carried it some 30 or 40 yards into the meadow. One 
morning wlien he went to inspect it, lo ! it had all disappeared beneath 
the surface, and some water was standing above the sunken tract. Not 
willing to give it up, he put down stakes, brush and timbers on the 
soutlierly side, and continued his process of filling up. After a short time, 
again it all went down and disappeared, and on inspecting it a few days 
afterwards, the boys were found baiting their hooks and catching fish 
in the water pool formed at the spot. The contemplated improvement 
was given up. 

Returning to Greycourt, we take the road and continue our trip on 

THE NEW BURGH BRANCH. 

For a distance of 2 miles we pass through lovely meadoAvs and rock 
cuttings and reach 

C R A I G V I L L E , 

a romantic place of about 500 inhabitants. It contains a Methodist 
church, and one school. It has a fine water power, on which are located 
two grist mills and one cotton mill. The land is peculiarly rich in the 
vicinity, and averages about SI 25 per acre, although some lands on the 
meadows sell as high as $500— without buildings. There is but one 
hotel— poorly kept— price of board $5 per week. Plenty of fishing 
streams and ponds are within easy reach, containing trout in abundance. 
As you pass along forget not that grand view to the right, when sud- 
denly there opens before your eyes the loveliest and most picturesque 
valley you have yet seen, wiiile aw^ay beyond its farther edge rises a huge 
boulder, the outcropping of the range of mountains in the distance. We 
pass by a farm house surrounded with an apple orchard, and then to the 
left we obtain another lovely view, reaching away in almost boundless 
extent to the north. Then passing over an embankment, by wheat fields 




Design No. 7.— A Doctor's Residence. 




Ground Plan. 



DESIGN No. 7. 

This house was planned by G. E. Harney, architect, for a Doctor's resi- 
dence at Cold Spring on the Hudson. It is situated on a piece of ground 
overlooking the village, and embracing beyond fine views of the Hudson, 
West Point, the Newburgh Gap, and the ranges of mountains above and 
below. 

The house stands between the approach road and the river, conse- 
quently the entrance porch is on one front, — that towards the road — the 
living apartments and veranda are on the opposite side, fronting the 
river ; by this means greater privacy is given to those portions of the 
house usually occupied by the ftimily. 

ARRANGEMENT OF PLAN. 

No. 1. — Vestibule, 7 X 7. No. 10.— Scullery. 

" 2.— Hall. " 11.— Kitchen. 

" 3.— Recess. " 12. — Cellar and chamber stairs. 

" 4.— Office. • I " 13.— Veranda. 

" 5. — Entrance. I " 14. — Cellar stairway. 

" 6. — Library. ; " 15. — Water closet. 

" 7._Parlor, 16x16. " 16.— Veranda. 

" 8.— Dining Room, 15x16. i " 17.— Piazza. 

" 9.— Pantry. 1 

By throwing rooms 4 and 6 into one, this house furnishes one of the 
most acceptable designs for a family residence yet presented. Its pre- 
sent cost will be about $7,000. — From Woodward'' s Architecture and Rural 
Art, Ko. 1, for 1867. 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 37 

ripe with the glistening grain, and below us the countrj' road lined with 
umbrageous maples, beckoning us to come and enjoy their agreeable 
shade from the rays of the hot sun, we reach 

W A S H I N G T N Y I L L E , 

full of pretty houses hidden among an abundance of shade trees. It con- 
tains about 500 inhabitants, and owes its importance to the railroad, 
which has opened a market for the produce of the region and developed 
the milk interest. The number of quarts per day, shipped from this sta- 
tion, exceeds 5,000. 

There are within the place a number of stores and shops necessary 
for the purposes of the village. The Methodist and both branches of the 
Presbyterian Church have well sustained societies, and commodious 
bouses of worship. A female boarding school of superior character is 
well sustained. There are 2 excellent hotels, and improvements are being 
made to render them first-class and attractive to summer boarders. The 
village has grown rapidly for a number of years, and lately there have 
been many investments made in real estate. Building lots sell for about 
SI, 000 per acre. Adjoining farming lands command from $100 to $150 
per acre. The whole region is filled up with a prosperous farming popu- 
lation, who have established for themselves a reputation for a high de- 
gree of intelligence and culture. The amount of mail matter received 
at the Post Oftice will convince a stranger of this fact. 

There are within the village and on the outskirts the residences of 
many men of wealth and high reputation, who give character and en- 
terprise to the community. Here is the vineyard of Jaques Brothers, the 
Avell known grape growers and wine makers, whose grounds are an ob- 
ject of great attraction to tourists. 

About two and a half miles w^est of the village stands the renowned 
church of Blooming Grove, whose establishment is ante-dated by only 
one or two churches in the entire country. It was for many years the 
gathering place of the devout w^orshipers from all parts of the town, — 
when wives rode Mith their husbands to meeting on horseback, nor re- 
turned until two old-fashioned sermons had been heard. 

About two and a half miles north stands, unoccupied, the homestead 
of the distinguished Clinton family. The honor of being the birth-place 
of De Witt Clinton has been claimed by so many localities, that it is 
simply necessary to say he was born sometvhere, but passed his boyhood 
under this old paternal roof, and here received his early educi. .lon. 

As we lea\'e Washingtonville we get a good view of the fair plains to 



38 SUBURBAN HOMES. 

our left, which comprise the richest ftirmiug country in New York State. 
The position is gently undulating, soil loamy and roads good, aftbrd- 
ing truly delighful drives in every direction. AVliile in the distance, 
across the valley, are the Schunemunk Mountains, within whose presence 
we constantly keep. Directly in front and parallel with them rises a 
row of detached hills easily accessible to the tourist, from the summit of 
which magnificent views can be obtained of surprising extent and grand- 
eur. These add a picturesqueness to the natural beauty of the landscape, 
Avhicli certainl}^ lifts the scenery of this vicinity into deserved eminence 
for stateliness and beauty. 
AYe pass two miles and a half on^vard, and reach 

SALISBURY, 

surrounded by groups of huts and uninviting houses, the only relief t© 
which is the attractiveness of the depot buildings. 

It is a village of about 300 inhabitants ; has one church, Methodist 
Episcopal, and one district school. The business of the place is farming 
and manufacturing. A paper mill has recently been erected, costing over 
$200,000 and employing SO hands ; also a flouring mill, a tan yard, and 
various stores and shops. 

The Otter-kill runs through the village, making magniflcent falls and 
a good water power. 

The quality of the soil is as good as any in the county. Land is worth 
from |80 to $150 per acre. 

The village is situated within one mile of the Highland Mountains. 
The surrounding country is made up of hills and valleys of surpassing 
beauty, with brooks, woodlands and drives in every direction, and of 
great attraction. 

From hence to Newburgh our course is interrupted only by one station, 

TAIL'S GATE, 

containing only a few houses in the neighborhood, and ottering few 
claims upon the attention. 

After leaving Salisbury we find the fields devoted more and more to 
the growth of fruits. We see on either hand many fields filled witli 
raspberry plants or grape vines, whose products are a source of wealth 
and comfort. We pass these fields frequently, until by a sudden turn 
there bursts upon us that beautiful broad valley we have so long expect- 
ed, with the Highlands in the distance, whose bare and bleak summits 
are viven only for the passage of the peaceful Hudson, Avhose broac] 



SIBUEBAX HOME?. 39 

Stream lies before lis fringed with the gUissy slopes and mountains on its 
other bank. Of these scenes the poet, Thomas Faye, says :— 

'' By wooded blufi' we steal, by leaning lawn, 
By palace, village, cot, a sweet surprise 

At every turn the vision breaks upon, . 
'Till to our wondering and nplifted eyes 
The Highland rocks and hills in solemn grandeur rise. 

Nor clouds in heaven, nor billows in the deep 
More graceful shapes did ever heave or roll. 

Nor came such pictures to a painter's sleep, 
Nor beamed such vision on a poet's soul." 

Amid scenes of such poetic interest stands 

N E W B U E G H , 

which rising from the shore of the river, np a steep hill of 300 feet, af- 
fords from its summit a constant view of the panorama spread out in all 
directions north, east, south and west. It is a most favorable and popu- 
lar place of residence both summer and winter. 

Its streets run parallel with the river, and are lined for long distances 
with stores or manufactories. The appearance of the city frcrm the river 
is highly prepossessing. 

It contains a population of about 15,000 ; has 23 churches — 3 Episco- 
pal, 4 Presbyterian, 2 lleformed Presbyterian, 1 United Presbyterian, 1 
Reformed Dutch, 7 Methodist, 3 Baptist, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 Uui- 
versalist. There are a great number of private schools and academies. 
The business of the place supports 5 banks, and 4 newspapers. The 
city is supplied with water from Little Pond, 3 miles distant, the water- 
works costing $96,000. There are large manufactories of cotton, wool, 
machinery, founderics, tanneries, and flour and plaster mills. Large 
quantities of grain, flour and dairy products are brought here and ship- 
ped in steamboats and sloops. 

Newburgh will soon occupy a prominent position from its connection 
with the various railroad projects Avhich are to centre and diverge hence. 

The Providence, Hartford & Fishkill R. R. is being rapidly pushed for- 
ward from Waterbury and Banbury, Ct., to connect with the Erie Rail- 
way at Newburgh, which latter company have a great interest in its 
progress and even control in its management. When completed it >vill 
present with the Boston, Hartford & Erie RtulrQiHk an uubrokeu lim 
ft-om Boston to t]ie West, 



40 SUBURBAN HOMES. 

There is shortly to be built a new branch road from Newburgh up the 
valley of the Otterkill and beyond Washingtonville, to connect Avith the 
main line of the Erie Railway at GrceuAvood station, just below Turner's. 
When completed it will be the most direct and quickest route from New 
burgh to NcAv York. The West Side R. R., from Albany to New York, 
will, if built, connect at Newburgh with this branch, and thus become 
one of the great thoroughfares from New York north, with wide gauge 
and palace cars. 

Newburgh dates its settlement back to 1709, and from that period down 
to the present time its history is rich in incidents of Revolutionary inter- 
est, or reminicences of brave and distinguished men, a partial record even 
of which would fill a small volume. Here was the residence of the lament- 
ed Downing, whose influence has spread throughout the entire country 
and had a beneflcial effect in the formation and stimulation of rural 
taste, and in the elevation of the art of cottage building in the United 
States. 

An object of special interest at Newburgh is the house where Wash- 
ington had his head-quarters, when the army w^as stationed here in 
1783. It was built by John Hasbrouck in 1750, and was bought a few 
years ago by the State of New York from his descendants. It is built of 
rough gray stone and is an unpretending dwelling house, such as farmers 
at that time were content to live in. In shape it is like the farm houses 
built by the Dutch everywhere in this region. 

The lover of rural pleasure can here find a thousand objects of interest 
and attraction, and the searcher after summer enjoyment can not fail 
to find full opportunity for gratification. 

Returning to the Main Line at Greycourt, and continuing our journey, 

we immediately arrive at 

CHESTER. 

This is the largest village on the main line we have reached, since 
leaving Paterson. It has a population of about 1,000, distinguished for 
good order, industry and sobriety, and the place presents a good busi- 
ness-like appearance. 

It is divided into two parts. East and West Chester, separated by a 
hill, covered with neat dwellings and surrounded by gardens. That 
portion near the station possesses the usual assortment of stores and 
shops found in villages. 

Looking East from the station, we have a good view of the " meadows" 
we have just crossed, and to the South, the cone of Sugar Loaf Mountain 
towers up in bold relief. 




Design No. 8. — Irregular Cottage. 





First Floor. 



Secoxu Floor 



DESIGN No. 8 . 

Here is shown a compact, convenieut cottage, having a conservatory 
attached for those wlio love to gratifj^ their taste for flowers. Each room 
has a cross draft, and can be abundantly ventilated in warm weather. 
A passage between the kitchen and dining room cuts oflf the smell of 
cooking, and the doors from the kitchen are double, with spring-hinges, 
and without locks or other fastenings ; they are opened with the foot, and 
close immediately after passing. The servant can pass in the kitchen 
through one door and out through the other with a large tray of dishes, 
and thus avoid meeting any one, while flies and the aroma of cooking 
have little chance of getting into the main part of the house. We think 
during the summer months it adds much to the comfort of all country 
houses to put in the windows the neat, modern wire-gauze window- 
guard, which does not obstruct air or sight, and keeps out effectually 
flies, millers, gnats, l)eetles, spiders, mosquitoes, bats, cats, and the whole 
list of nuisances against which we make our rooms close and dismal, 
and mope in summer evening darkness to avoid. The safety, cleanliness, 
and comfort of an open country house, night and day, can thus be enjoy- 
ed ; light, sunshine and fresh air can be had in abundance, and a feeling 
of comfort insured which those who have once tried it would never be 
without. This design can be built for about S'4,800. — See Woodward's 
ArchitectKrc and Rural Art, Ko, 1, far 1867, 



SUBURBAN HOMES, 



41 



Chester has 2 churches, Presbyterian aud Methodist, both of which 
buildings are nearly new. It has also 1 academy, 3 schools well attend- 
ed and having good teachers, 1 bank, and 2 hotels. 

The quality of the soil for raising produce is unsurpassed. 

The lands adjoining the meadows, rise gently to a height of 200 feet. 
On their summit are tine building lots of ft-om 1 to 10 acres each, worth 
from S300 to $500 per acre. 

The drives around Chester are equal to any in the country — over 
good level roads and through a splendid farming region. 

Fishing ponds and streams are convenient. Farming lands are held 
at from SlOO to $200 per acre. 

Passing now through meadows, with picturesque bridges, by smooth 
slopes, open plains, or beside quiet brooks, we come shortly to one of the 
finest villages on the whole road, 

GOSHEN. 

Let the tourist but alight fi'om the cars, walk up and down the broad 
streets with their grassy sides, and under the over-hanging canopy of 
magnificent trees, ascend some of the adjoining hills, and from their 
crests behold the pretty cottages, or noble palaces, nestling quietly in the 
shadows beneath, and then tell us if within many hundred leagues, a 
better spot for a country home can be found. 

The following elaborate description of the place we extract from the 
Goshen He^mblicr/n : 

" Goshen is located in the centre of the vast, fertile and productive re- 
gion known as the great Wallkill Valley. It is surrounded by a country 
of much fruitfiilness and beauty, presenting natural attractions and ap- 
pearances superior to those of the famed New York Central Park. The coun- 
try round about for miles is gently undulating, and its hill-sides and val- 
leys, from bottom to top, in summer, are covered with grass. Here is 
produced the famed Goshen butter and cheese, the rich and luscious 
cream, the pure Orange County Milk, which has such a world-wide repu- 
tation, and which has contributed to make Orange County one of the 
richest and most populous counties in the State of New York. From the 
Wallkill to the Otter-Kill, embracing the whole of the beautiful Valley 
and intervale lands spreading out like a green carpet between the moun- 
tains of the Blue Ridge and the Highlands, nature formed it and fashioned 
it into a vast natural Park. With intervening hills, forest-groves, high- 
ways, sparkling streams and gushing fountains, country homes and ham- 
lets,, nothing is waiiting to complete the picture of rural, or siiburban life, 



42 SUBURBAN HOMES. 

which every where abounds for miles in the A'icinit}^ The town of Go- 
shen itself, though not large, is one of the most important commercial 
centres on the Eastern Division of the Erie Railway. It is the natural 
centre of the great Milk trade of the Wallkill, and a large portion of the 
Otter-Kill valleys. At this point from four to five hundred cans of milk 
are transported daily, exclusive of the receipts from the Montgomery 
branch of the Erie Railwaj^, and the business is rapidly increasing. The 
milk receipts at this place will be more than doubled in amount upon 
the completion of the Goshen and Deckertown road, which runs through 
an unsurpassed dairy country. 

Goshen is located on a broad and beautiful tal)Ie land, which composes 
the Valley, surrounded with an amphitheatre of moderatelj^ ascending 
hills. The town has broad and well shaded avenues and streets. Its 
population is in the highest degree moral and intelligent, and uncontam- 
inated with corrupting influences of any kind. It has no poor, but little 
or no crime, and little use for jails or prisons on its own account. Being 
distantly located from stagnant pools and marshes, it is said to be one 
of the most healthful and desirable places for a residence in the United 
States. Like a diamond set in a casket, the town is most to be admired 
for the exceeding beauty of its surroundings. The salubrity of the soil, 
the luxuriance of the grasses, the perpetual beauty of its private parks, 
its leafy avenues and ever-green hedges, and tasteful private residences, 
invest it with a quiet charm and beauty unknown to but few of our other 
suburban towns and villages. As Goshen is one of the oldest, so it is 
also one of the wealthiest tOAvns of its size in the State of New York. 
Three alone of its citizens are said to represent a capital of twelve mil- 
lions of dollars. Of course such men are lavish in their expenditures to 
improve and beautify a town wherein they, like other gentlemen of less 
pretentions to wealth, have established elegant country homes, not only 
for their own comfort, but for the education and improvement of their 
children. At this place Robert H. Berdell, Ex-President of the Erie Rail- 
way, has a palatial residence, surrounded with a princely estate of up- 
wards of three hundred acres of very valuable land, adjoining the village, 
which he is now engaged in improving. David H. Haight, owner of the 
St. Nicholas Hotel, New York, has also an elegant estate of three hundred 
and sixty acres, ornamented with a fine country seat, a large and mag- 
nificent park, summer houses, grottoes, water-fountains, gardens, hot- 
houses, conservatory, etc., and the farm abounds with the finest breeds 
of cattle, horses, &c. John and Alex. Stewart, of New York, bankers and 
nierchant princes, have an elegant summer residence, together with a 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 43 

large and valuable farming estate exceeding four hundred acres, princi- 
pally stocked Avith cattle, abounding with beautiful mowing lands, and 
a magnificent forest of ancient white-oak, hickory and chestnut timber, 
adjoining the old " Stewart Homestead." Henry Young, an old New 
York merchant, has a beautiful country seat a short distance from town. 
Charles Backman, Esq., a New York merchant, has a beautiful estate of 
six hundred acres, summer-houses, gardens, and a fine park, rivaling in 
elegance the famed Elysian Fields, fitted up with all that modern taste 
and elegance could suggest at his elegant villa at Stoney Ford, four miles 
north of Goshen. 

Of the excellent drives, the well-kept and extensive hotels and summer 
boarding houses, health-giving atmosphere, chalybeate Avaters, ' pure Or- 
ange County Milk,' sweet butter, delicious ' strawberries and cream,' 
fresh mountain berries, excellent vegetables, etc., abounding in the vi- 
cinity of Goshen, it is hardly necessary to speak, farther than to say, that 
strangers or invalids, will, at all times, find excellent accommodations, 
and at very moderate prices, compared with our " fashionable Avatering 
places," and go aAvay far better satisfied. The trout-fishing streams of 
Sullivan and Ulster maj^ be reached in a few hours time from Goshen, 
A^a the Montgomery and Erie Road, and by stage to Ellenville, one of 
the most sequestered and beautiful tOAvns Avithin the bounds of the Blue 
Ridge. " Sam's Point," Montgomery and Walden, and otlrer interesting 
localities, in the vicinitj', are equally accessible by the same route. 
GreeuAvood Lake, Mount Basha Lake, the Wallkill, Otter-Kill, Pochuck 
Creek and tributaries, the " Warwick Woodlands," the " Great Wild Mead- 
OAvs," the " Big Spring" in the trackless " Cedar SAA^amp," which forms a 
natural cover, and Avhere haunt ploA'er, Avood-cock and quail, are all lo- 
cated " within hailing distance " of Goshen, AAiiere either the angler or 
hunter may range OA'er an immense extent of God's domain, in (piest of 
fish or fowl, Avitli " no one to molest or make him afraid." 

The town is amply provided with the best of schools and churches, and 
is, Avithal. a most exemplary and moral place. It has long been eminent 
as a seat of learning and science. Some of the most eminent men of the 
country either lived, AA'ere born, or obtained the rudiments of their 
education at Goshen. Noah Webster, the great lexicographer, Avas once 
a teacher of old " Farmer's Hall Academy." De Witt Clinton, one of the 
most distinguished Governors and engineers of the State of Ncav York, 
AA-as a native of Orange County, and received his education at this in- 
stitution. 

Its female seminaries have been no less successfully taught. Many of 



44 SUBURBAN HOMES. 

the most elegant and accomplished women of the country received their 
education within the pure and refining influences wiiich have always 
been a distinguishing feature of Goshen society. 

Goshen is also the birth-place of the ancestry of the Winans' broth- 
ers, Avho sprang from the same stock, and whose mechanical skill and 
ingenuity, like that of the famous and philosophical Boyden, out-crop- 
ped at Goshen, next at Vernon, then at Baltimore, and lastly at St. Pe- 
tersburgh, and as successful railroad builders and engineers, equally 
astonishing themselves and the world with the results of their mechan- 
ism. We might fill pages with the reminiscences of eminent men and 
women whose birth-place was in the great and beautiful Wallkill Valley, 
in Orange County, where the conditions of a higher, purer, and more 
perfect civilization abound — were nobler and higher thoughts animate 
the genus homo — from the highest and loftiest creations of man down to 
the brute species — (vide "Dexter") — where men obtain nobler propor- 
tions, the women develop more perfect grace and beauty, than in any 
other region of the earth. This result is not alone due to education, but 
to the joint product of the remarkable geological position of the Valley, 
and its surroundings, which directly and indirectlj^ through ages, have 
transmitted their marked characteristics, upon the races of men and 
women of that locality. 

Its population is al)out 2,000 ; contains about fifty stores, including 
groceries, shops, &c.; eight hotels ; three freighting houses ; two banks ; 
two printing offices ; eight schools, including one classical school, one 
graded school, two common or free schools, three private schools, one 
female Seminary, and a school for colored children ; four churches, viz : 
One Presbyterian ; one Episcopalian ; one Methodist ; and one Catholic. 
It also has a variety of manufacturing establishments, including one iron 
foundry, steam saw-mill, steam turning lathes for wood and iron, car- 
riage making, wheelwright, cabinet ware, stone-cutting, and various 
other mechanical branches. The town has a large and flourishing com- 
merce in connection with the wealthy and extensive farming neighbor- 
hoods which surround it. At this place is located the Court House, Jail, 
Clerk's and Surrogate's offices, wherein is transacted the principal por- 
tion of the legal business of the County. Its public buildings are eligibly 
situated, centrally located in the County, and very convenient for the 
transaction of public business. The County Poor House Farm, consist^ 
ing of 267 acres of excellent land, and containing accommodations for 
300 Inmates, lies three miles south of this place. The West Side, or what 
is now known ^s the Montgomery and Erie rodd, coijijeets with the Erie 



'1 M |l|l't 



I'l I <r,/t 




X6 5j^ J LIV. ROOmI 



il"^ 



FiitsT Flook 



>Eco>;]; Fj.ooit. 



DESIGN No. 9. 

This design, for a timber cottage, is simple and at the same time pic- 
turesque, and built upon a site adapted to it, and in harmony with the 
architectural expression, the effect could not fail to be in a high degree 
pleasing. 

It will be seen that some of the principal timbers of the frame are in- 
tended to show on the outside, and that there is a designed contrast be- 
tween the horizontal siding extending to the top of the posts, and the 
vertical and battened covering of the pediment above the ornamental 
string course. The brackets and posts which support the roof of the 
porches, should be chamfered, and these timbers should be of sufficient 
thickness to avoid any appearance of meanness, while at the same time, 
they should not be too heavy, and so destroy the proportion of the design. 

The roof should be covered with shingles having their ends clipped 
and rounded. The interior accommodations and conveniences are readily 
seen on inspection of the plans. There is no waste of room, and for the 
use of a small family, the accommodations would be found as ample as 
could well be obtained in a cottage of such size and cost. It can be built 
for about ^3,500. — See WoodivarcVs Country Homes. 



Railway at Goshen. Its present terminus is at Montgomery, 10 miles 
north of Goshen, embracing in its route Hamptonburgh, Campbell Hall, 
and Neeleytown, as intermediate stations, with a prospect of soon con. 
necting with the Wallkill Valley Railway at Walden. South of Goshen 
is also projected the Goshen and Deckertown Railway, connecting the 
great Wallkill Valley with the mineral fields, and internal improvements 
of northern New Jersey. A railway company has been organized, and a 
capital of $200,000 subscribed to extend the Erie Railway connections to 
the counties of Sussex and Warren on the Delaware River. But 27 miles 
more of railway are needed to make connection with the Sussex Exten- 
sion, now building down the Wallkill Valley, thus realizing the accom- 
plishment of the project of connecting the waters of the Hudson and 
Delaware, long since entertained by that eminent statesman and engineer, 
DeWitt Clinton. Three miles south-west of Goshen is also located the 
northern boundary of the largest and most extensive peat formation 
known in the United States. It embraces some 17,000 acres, resting on 
a lime-stone basin, from 10 to 30 feet in depth, subject to overflows of the 
Wallkill River, which runs directly through the peaty region, and ex- 
tends to the New Jersey State line. Peat Company organizations have 
been projected to work these beds, but none, as yet, are in actual opera- 
tion. Surrounding this immense peat field, is one of the richest and 
most interesting mineral regions in the United States. White and blue 
limestone, granite, white marble, interspered with red and black oxide of 
zinc, franklinite, hematite, and oxidized iron ore, out-crop extensively in 
the vicinity of Amity, Hamburgh, Franklin, and other points of the Wall- 
kill Valley south of Goshen, extending into the counties of Sussex and 
Morris, the product of which already enters largely into the iron and zinc 
paint manufacture of New Jersey and Pennsylvania." 

Two large and flourishing newspapers are printed at this place : The 
"Independent Eepuhlican,'" (established in 1788,) owned and edited by James 
J. McNally, Esq ; and the " Goshen Democrat,'' (established in 1736) owned 
and edited by Messrs. Charles Mead & Son. 

Building lots are worth from S300 to $600, and land by the acre frcm 
S200 to $1000. 

From Goshen the road runs almost level. Passing by the ruins of a 
mill, we come fairly into the valley of the Wallkill river, that runs north 
through Orange and Ulster counties, and empties into the Hudson near 
Rondout. 

From here to Mlddletown, we pass at one time by the bed of a stream, 



46 SUBURBAN HOMEi^. 

again by groves of trees, over meadows, between hills, bj' fields of grass 
or w^lieat, and over bridges. Our course is interrupted onlj' by one small 
station, 

NEW HAMPTON. 

It is 4 miles from Goshen, and stands upon the west bank of the AVall- 
kilL It contains a church, 2 public schools, a good hotel, and carries 
on a small local business. Land in the vicinity is worth from $100 to 
^50 per acre. 

At the left, as we leave the station, is a very fine ridge, suitable for 
nice residences. 

From hence, 3 miles, the land is uneven, 1)ut afibrding fine grazing 
grounds. As we approach a long curve, we obtain a pretty view of 

MIDDLE TOWN. 

Whate^^er terms of rapture we may have bestowed on the picturesque 
beautj^ of Turner's or the loveliness of Goshen, yet we must render a 
full share of praise to the enterprising and active village of Middletown. 

On the occasion of the writer's first visit to this pleasant place there 
were so many objects of beauty and interest presented, that he could 
hardly realize he was in any other than a populous suburl) of the great 
citj". 

The excursionist's attention would first be called to the great variety 
and the beautiful architectural styles of the houses. He should so di- 
rect his walk as to pass up and down ever}' street, on either side of whicl) 
may be seen all that is ornamental and lovely. 

Hour after hour may be spent walking leisurely through the streets. 
At one time the observer will be in love with a pretty cottage, a mor'^ 
desirable one than which he w^ould declare could not be found, until 
after proceeding a few steps farther, he catches a view of some magnifi- 
cent villa, surrounded with so many pleasureable sights of flowers, 
lawn, trees and shrubbery, that all former delights are lost in the con- 
templation of this and other similarly occurring views. 

In no place, that is to say, in no inland town, have I found so fine col 
tage architecture as in this ; and judging from these outside appearances 
only, what might a stranger augur of those who dwell within ? He would 
imagine, and correctly too, that they were a people of superior character, 
of fine tastes and refinement, lovers of beauty in earth, air and inanimate 
forms, gifted with great abilities, and possessed of that love of enter- 
prise, good order and government, which is so essential to the prosperity 
and thrift of country villages. 



SUBTTRBAN 1I03IES. 47 

Micidletowu lias made up in business life and energ}^ what Goshen has 
lost. Here are gathered some of the most enterprising men of the county, 
and it is not strange that they should spend their money in the laudable 
purpose of erecting happy and attractive homes. 

Walking up and down the clean sidewalks, under the rows of fast- 
growing trees, on the heights, and looking down upon the pleasant sight 
below^ what a pleasing prospect greets the eye ! A business man could here 
hud every element of attraction to induce him to purchase or liuild a 
suburl)an home, and with his wife and happy children live in calm and 
undisturl^ed enjoyment. INIany citizens of New York have done so al- 
read}^ going to their business but once, twice, or three times during the 
week. Many families of wealth have given up the city altogether, and 
live here year after jenv in perfect contentment. There are many fine 
villas in this town whose cost proves that other than native wealth has 
built them. New ones are going up every day, showing that the popu- 
lation is increasing rapidly. Already it is about 6,000, the largest of anj- 
station on the division, excepting Paterson. A few years since it mo- 
destly claimed only 2,000 population. 

To the south-west is a Cemetery — a miniature Greenwood — of 100 
acres, and the whole is arranged in the most pleasing manner, with Maca- 
damized walks and roads, adorned and draped with the loveliest of na- 
ture's luxuriant foliage. This enterprise originated with Mr. James N. 
Pronk, an attorney at law, and for many years a resident of the village. 

Middletown is the centre of considerable manufacturing interests, 
there being ten or more engaged in the manufacture of saws, nails, files, 
carpets, carpet bags, hats and caps, paper collars, wooden ware, and 
agricultural implements. The operatives are mostly English. 

There are 4 first class hotels and a host of minor ones. 

The town is supplied with gas of good quality, with pure water, and 
has a good fire department. 

Great interest is taken in literary matters. A lyceum, with a reading 
room, and a large and well-filled library, together with literary meetings 
and debates, keep the intellectual spirit ever-moving, while three active 
and influential newspapers, " T/ie Orange County Press,'' " The Murcury''' 
and " The Signs of the Times,''' have each a good local circulation. 

The place contains an academj^, a ladies' seminary, and 7 private 
schools, having a reputation for superior management. 

The people are evidently church-goers, as will be seen b}' the number 
of churches : 2 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopalian, 1 Congi'egational, 1 Metho- 
dist, 2 Baptist, 1 Catholic, and 1 Colored, all well supported and in a 
flourishing condition. 



48 SUBURBAN HOJlfiS. 

There are three banks, the MidcUetown, Wallkill, and First National. 

A Board of Health discharges its duties in a very commendable man- 
ner, which results in keeping the streets clean, well swept, and free from 
every nuisance. 

The work of building a railroad between Middletown and Unionville, 
a distance of 14 miles, has been commenced. The road will run through 
a beautiful farming country, and if found profitable, may be extended 
to Water Gap and Scranton, Pa. It is much needed, and when completed 
will doubtless attract much of the traffic which now goes by way of 
Easton. 

Stages run from Middletown to Monticello, Sullivan County, and EUen- 
ville, Ulster County. 

Farming lands outside the village limits are worth from S130 to $200 
per acre; building lots in town, 60 by 150 feet, from S600 to S700; by the 
acre $1000. 

Leaving Middletown, the country for 8 or 9 miles is irregular and 
rolling, a succession of uplands and meadows, in which may be seen 
herds of grazing cattle. To the south are several prominent peaks, on 
whose sides are farms, and whose summits are clothed with a dense 
and picturesque growth of trees. Four miles from Middletown is 

HOWELL'S, 

A village of perhaps 250 inhabitants, containing a Congregational 
church, a public school, hotel, and several stores. It is a station, whose 
importance is derived from the milk interests of the surrounding 
farming region. Farms are worth from $100 to $120 per acre, village 
lots from $300 to $500. 

We have hitherto been passing through pleasant fields, and have had 
fine views of the rich farms which have given the citizens of Orange 
County an envious reputation, but soon we are to exchange these for 
sights of sterner material. 

From an embankment just beyond and to the right of Howell's, we 
catch a glimpse of a pleasant little village, the height of whose church 
steeples bears no contrast to the magnificent heights bej'ond, which we 
approach by a long and heavy curve. While passing along, we look 
North and behold a vast cultivated valley ; in the distance rise the blue 
hills, and before us the lofty Shawangunk Mountains. 

We are now on the verge of Orange County, and must bid adieu to all 
the pastoral beauties of landscape which have hitherto, delighted us, 
and enter upon scenes of a wilder character. 

This great mountain which looms up before us, as though forbidding 




Design Xo. 10.— An Okxamental Cottage. 







I 


BED R 1 
12 X, 5 


fcARKET 


h 1 


L_ 


sIbed rL 



First Fldok. 



Second Fi.oou. 



DESIGN No. 10. 

Chimneys are au important feature in tlie exterior design of a dwelling; 
and we like to see them treated boldly — good solid base, shaft, and pro- 
jections, and of sufficient height above the roof to overlook all other 
obstructions, and thus insure a good draft. The flimsy stove-pipe look 
of chimney-pots we do not admire, and would prefer not to make use of 
them. A well-built brick chimney can be put up cheaper, and is much 
more eflective. 

In this cottage considerable exterior ornamentation is show^n, which 
may be omitted by those who do not like so much of it. The finials and 
crest on the roof help the appearance very much, and make a good finish ; 
the drapery on the cornice may be plainer. Hoods over the vvdndows, to 
some extent, take the place of outside blinds, and relieve, by their shad- 
ows, what might otherwise appear to be a very plain exterior. 

The rooms, as shown on the plan, would probably be better if increas- 
ed in size ; though if one undertakes to build low-priced houses, he must 
adhere firmly to the plan, a little here and a little there will, wiien all 
bills are paid, be found to double the cost. Cost at present about S3,500. 
— See Wood'Ward'' s Architecture and Rural Art, No. 1, for 1867. 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 49 

US to cross its path, has an extraordinary appearance ; from foot to sum- 
mit of its Eastern slope every inch of soil lias been brought into the 
highest state of fertility and cultivation, the very tops being clothed 
with fields of waving grain, and stirring grass, or interspersed here and 
there with groups of cattle. A short distance on the other side is revealed 
to us its western face, a mass of rock and forest, uniit for purposes of 
cultivation, and remaining in a state of primitive wildness and solitude. 

T I S y I L L E , 

A small village of perhaps 500 inhabitants, contains 3 churches, a public 
school and one or two hotels. From its elevated position, it presents 
Avith its neat cottages a pretty appearance to those approaching it. 

It derives its importance principally from the fact of its being the 
western terminus of the milk region of Orange County. Proceeding West 
from this place we prepare to enter a new region. 

For a long time, the passage of the great Shawangunk ridge was con- 
sidered a difficult feat, and almost a permanent obstacle to the progress 
of the road. 

The tunneling of the mountain was at first proposed, and inasmuch 
as the western side is much lower than the Eastern, it was designed 
that the tunnel should be 2,700 feet in length, with grades of 40 feet per 
mile for curves and 80 feet for straight sections. 

This plan was recommended bj^ a board of Engineers and for a long 
time was considered the best and only feasible one of reaching the valley 
on the western side, but it Avas found after mature deliberation that by 
making a deep^ rock cut, a passage could be opened near the summit; 
then by descending the Western side, by an extensiA^e curve on an in- 
clined plane, the difficulty could be more easily overcome. 

Perhaps the best description of the remaining portion of the route, is 
that given by the Avriter of Harper's Guide Book of the Erie Raihvay, 
AA'hich Ave quote : 

" Leaving Otisville, aa'c ascend a grade of 40 feet to the mile, leading 
to this great passage of the mountain : at the distance of a mile, we come 
to the point AAiiere the first struggle with the barrier occurs. This is a 
thorough rock cutting, 50 feet deep and 2,500 feet in length. Its prodi- 
gious pass is intersected tAvice by a turnpike leading from Goshen to 
Port Jervis, in the valley AvestAvard, Avhich shoAvs the round-about style 
of traA^el made necessary by the old modes of couA^eyance. 

Emerging from this great cut, Ave find ourselves on the summit of the 
ascent, and tlie road, curving soutliAvardly, proceeds by a slope of many 



50 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 



miles along the niouutaiu's side to the valley below. We uow catch a 
glimpse of the ShawaugunJc, in all its savage and untamed grandeur. 
Tlie word Shawmignnk is Indian and means '•'white rocks,''' alluding to the 
color of the rocks to be seen in its breast to the North-East. A little 
further on we look down upon the valley we are approaching — an un- 
broken sea of forest, with not a solitary hut to humanize the scene. No 
change could be more sudden or complete, than what the prospect has 
undergone in ten minutes, since looking at the East front of the Shaw- 
angunk. At a distance of about two miles from Otisville we see the 
next specimen of heavy work this mountain passage has made necessary. 
It is a heavy embankment, supported by a retaining wall 1,000 feet in 
length and 30 feet high. We are now descending the slope of ten miles 
before us, and the scenery of the vallej^ below is rapidly improving in 
interest aud cultivation. A smile gradually breaks over the dull cheek 
of nature. 

Farm houses and meadows relieve the solitude of this valley, to which 
the Neversink River gives its name. One of these views is of remarkable 
beauty. We perceive on the opposite side of the vale a shining strip of 
water curving round a spur of the mountains, with a small village ad- 
jacent ; it is called Cuddeback. This is the first glimpse we have of the 
Delaware and Hudson Canal, extending from Rondout to the coal and 
iron mines at Carbondale in Pennsylvania. 

Cuddeback was settled by the Dutch, and is one of the thriving little 
communities that have sprung up along that important canal. This 
part of the valley figures conspicuously in the history of Indian Avarfare." 

Five miles beyond Otisville is 

G U Y IVI A R D , 

A new Station and without a depot. Here is located a very attractive 
Hotel, intended to accommodate those guests who wish to enjoy beauti- 
ful scenery, and breathe pure mountain air. Near by is a small pond 
which is said to contain a large number of the finest of trout. The 
Hotel is well kept, and popular among those who know of its excel- 
lencies. 

On the opposite side of the track, are located the '• Erie and Wallkill 
Lead Mines," owned mostly by English capitalists who commenced work 
on them several years ago, and keep silently at it yet. The lead is fully 
85 per cent pure metal, and is shipped to England. Suflicient silver is 
found in the ore to pay the entire expenses of transportation and mining. 
The whole of the western side of the mountain is said to be owned by 
three brothers, from whom land can be leased, but not bought. 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 



51 



Eight miles beyond Otisville we come to what is called " Shin Hollow 
Switch:' 

Here there is a deep cut through a soft soil three fourths of a mile in 
length and 30 feet deep. This portion of the road is of the most oppres- 
sive loneliness, for the valley is completely shut out of sight, soon, how- 
ever to re-appear in heightened beauty and interest, after passing the 
great rock-cutting just two miles ahead of.us. 

The approach to this last formidable barrier in the descent of the 
mountain is very fine. We reach it by a high curved embankment, and 
see on each side of us a steep wall of slate rock, 50 feet in height and 
2,600 feet in length. 

And now let the traveler place himself on the right side of the train 
(going westward,) to catch the noble prospect prepared for him on em- 
erging from this dark pass. At its very portal the road makes a sudden 
cui-\'e southward, and from the precipitous mountain side, along the 
edge of which we descend, he beholds the enchanting Valley of Never- 
sink in all its cultivated beauty, its western verge bordered by a chain 
of mountains, at the foot of which gleams the village of Port Jervis, and 
its level fields losing themselves ftir in the south, where rolls the Dela- 
ware River; ])eyond which again, the town of Milford, Pa., may ]:>e seen 
in the misty horizon. A winding grove of trees runs southward over 
this fair plain, marking the course of the Neversiuk. 

A few rods beyond this " cut," the traveler looking north, may see 
another superb view, of an opposite character, the mountains swelling- 
upward in their grandest forms. 

The descent of the Shawangunk is nearly ten miles iu extent and 
offers a succession of pleasing views, though becoming more and more 
contracted in extent. When the slope ceases, our road turns again to 
the west, and crosses the Meversink by a l3ridge 55 feet high, with a span 
of 150 feet, when we are brought in full view of 

PORT JERVIS, 
Which lies beautifully at the foot of a range of bold and picturesque 
mountains. 

Perhaps the best point from which to view Port Jervis, is from the 
rocky clifl'just over the Mountain House. It is an eminence fully 500 
feet above the level of the village, and its edge being clear of trees, gives 
the observer an uninterrupted view of the scenery in every direction. 
Below us and immediately close to the foot of the mountain, winds a 
smooth wagon road, lined with neat and pretty cottages embosomed 



52 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 



among the trees, pictures of contentment and rustic beautj'. Just be- 
yond is a small meadow, around which passes the Delaware and Hudson 
Canal, supported by a high embankment, and constantly alive at every 
hour of the day ^vith the ever-passing canal boats. 

Further still, but on a lower level, at the right hand is the Railway 
with its many tracks and work-shops. Here are two engine-houses, one 
a complete circle, and the other a semi-circle, both capable of accom- 
modating GO locomotives. 

Gathering on either side, is spread out the village. 

Most of the houses adjoining the railroad ai-e plain, either homes for 
the workmen or stores, while some of a neater character are interspersed 
between. Back from the village, the wagon road running at the foot of 
the mountain, takes a semi-circular course, passing out over the plain, 
and curving toward the south, passes the track at the bridge over the 
Neversink River. Just below this bridge is laid out a beautiful Ceme- 
tery, and no tourist should fail to follow the path through the Cemetery 
to the furtlier end of Carpenter's Point, and stand on the ftirthest rock, 
the identical point at which the three States of New York, New Jersey 
and Pennsylvania meet. 

Upon this road, and other village streets branching therefrom, are lo- 
cated many very prettj^ houses, some of an exceedingly neat and orna- 
mental character, with yards full of fruits, flowers and shrubbery. 

Beyond the village rolls the Delaware, at one place smooth and quiet, 
but farther down, its course is disturbed by shoals or dams, over which 
it goes with a rippling murmur or lashed to foam. 

On the other side of the river is spread out a beautiful valley, hemmed 
in between the mountains, stretching away to the south, either laid out 
in grassy meadows, or covered with fertile cultivated fields, while beyond, 
on the slope of the hills, are seen farm houses hiding among the trees, 
and farms opening up among the forests which reach even to their tops. 

While away up to the north is spread out that peaceful vt^Uey of the 
Neversink, aad on its further edge are the mountains, dow^n whose sides 
perchance, while you are looking, is gliding swiftly the iron horse and 
his long train. 

The whole panorama is one of great natural beauty, and which every 
visitor to the place should certainly behold. An opportunity is here pre- 
sented to the artist for the exercise of his pencil. 

The population of Port Jervis is about 5,000, and as a class the inhab- 
itants are industrious and thrift}'. 

There are seven churches in the village, viz. : First Presbyterian, Ger- 






Desigx No. 11.— a Tillage Residence. 





Si-.coNu Floou 



DESIGN No. 11. 

Here is a design by Robt. Mook, architect, for a medium sized cottage, 
such as one might build on a village lot of sixty or a hundred feet in 
width. 

It is a frame building, filled in with brick laid on their edges iu mor- 
tar, and covered externally with weather boarding; the roof covered 
with shingles cut in patterns. The framing may be of spruce or hemlock 
timber (the former is the best, although the latter is generally used,) and 
the finishing of white pine ; the details few, simple, and bold, with the 
roof quite steep, and the eaves of broad projection to shield tlie sides, and 
the windows wide and airy. A light ridge ornament at the peak of the 
j'oof, a fluial of iron over the dormer, and the piazza railing of scroll- 
sawed penetrations, give a character to the design. 

The exterior should be painted of a warm, rich brown, or j-^ellowish 
brown, using four tints, the brightest for the whole body of the house ; 
the next darkest for the eaves, veranda, window-trimmings, etc.; the 
third darkest for window-sashes, blinds, &c.; and the darkest only for 
touching up here and there to make it appear lively. Cost is about 
S6.500. — From WoodivarcVs Architecture and Rural Art, No. 2^ for 1868. 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 53 

man Reformed, Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, Roman Catholic, German 
Lutheran and Universalist, all of which possess a large mcml)ership. 

Of public schools there are twelve, with an average attendance of 
1,200 pupils. There are numerous private schools and institutes ; among 
the latter most worthy of mention is the Mountain Home Institute, un- 
der the management of Prof. A. Byron Wilbur. The building is one of 
the finest in this section of country, beautifully situated, in a romantic 
grove of tall trees, at the base of a high and commanding mountain, and 
out of the din and bustle of the town. All its surroundings are such as 
to lead an observer to think that nature had destined them to lessen the 
dull routine and monotonj^ of the school-room by the soothing influence 
which natural beauty always, more or less, sways over the mind. This 
Institute has at present about 75 students, and is steadily increasing in 
popularity. 

The business of Port Jervis is principally mercantile, carried on in all 
its usual branches, and in many cases, quite extensively. Under the 
head of manufactories, there are in the village two extensive steam iron 
foundries, two bedstead factories, one glass factory, one sawing mill, one 
sash and blind factor}^ and numerous smaller manufactories of various 
kinds. Several lumber yards do a large business in that branch of trade. 

Among many other advantages possessed by Port Jervis, that of its 
facilities for water-power is the leading one. The Delaware and Hudson 
Canal lies above a portion of the village, and by feeders therefrom, power 
to run machinery by water may be extended to any number of manu- 
factories. Such facilities are possessed but by few other places along 
the line of the Erie Railway. 

The soil, as a general thing, in the vicinity of Port Jervis, is good. 
Outside of the village land for farming purposes brings $200 per acre. 
Near the depot, lots suitable for residences or places of business, 50x100 
feet, can be purchased for from $300 to $2,000, according to location. 
There are small villages on the outskirts of Port Jervis — Carpenter's 
Point, Matamoras and Sparrowbush — where building lots, 50x100 may 
be obtained for $50. These places are all within a few minutes' walk of 
the depot. 

The hotels of Port Jervis are favorably known to the traveling public, 
far and wide. The leading one, at present, is the Delaware House, di- 
rectly opposite the depot. 

It has capacity for the accommodation of one hundred guests. Board 
S3.00 per day. The other hotels are respectively : the Neversink House, 
which has the advantage of a quiet location, Minisink House, Quassaic 
3* 



54 SUBURBAN HOME?. 

House, Exchange Hotel, American Hotel, and Union House, whose rates 
are $2.00 per day. They have all accommodations for from thirty to 
forty guests each. 

There is but one newspaper published in Port Jervis. '' The Tri-Statof 
Union'' D. Holbrook, editor. It. is well sustained on a.ccount of its en- 
terprise and merit. 

An enthusiastic writer, thus truthfully speaks of the natural beauty 
of the whole valley : 

" The scenery surrounding Port Jervis is truly beautiful — a blending 
together of the picturesque and grand in one mag-uiticent display of na- 
ture — mountains, valleys, rocks, streams and woods. On the north of 
the village. Point Peter and Mount William, two high mountains clad 
in green in winter as in summer, lift their majestic heads towards the 
clouds, and stand like giant sentinels, guarding the village at their feet. 
The summits of these mountains are easy of access, b}^ laurel-skirted 
paths, which wind beneath aged pines and hemlocks, down through 
whose thick boughs the hot rays of the summer sun scarcely penetrate. 
A spirit of refreshing coolness always lingers here, which is only forgot- 
ten in the scene that breaks upon the eye when the summit is gained. 
Look from Point Peter ! At its foot nestles the village, secure in the 
guardianship of those rugged hills, its highest spires far below% and its 
noise and bustle unheard. For miles doAvn through the valley the noble 
Delaware can be seen, winding on its course to the sea, by forests, dense 
and dark, by fields, green and waving ; now running still, dark and deep, 
now rushing and roaring over rocks and through narrow places, the 
white-capped waves leaping up, and glistening in the sun like molten 
silver. Now gliding behind a hill, the stream hides from sight awhile, 
then breaks on the eye again, until it gradually fades from view in the 
distance. In the season when tjae grain-fields are golden, and bowed 
with their burdens of treasure ; w'heu the wind sways the corn in gentle 
waves, and hay-fields are merry with the voice of many reapers, the 
scene up and down the valley, and to the east and west, is one of almost 
indescribable beauty. Fields, in all the various hues, spread out in every 
direction, a gorgeous patchwork of nature, which undulating hills and 
wooded valleys bring into more striking relief. As far as the eye can 
reach to the south, the Blue Mountains can be seen, beginning in a haze 
of blue and purple, wiiich gradually disappears as the vision comes nearer. 
North, east, south, and west, some new and striking feature greets the 
eye, and one is loth to break the charm of the scene by returning to the 
world beneath. Nowhere can scenery more varied and beautiful be 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 55 

found than in this region. Port Jervis has not only its immediate resorts^ 
Vjut others as beautiful more distant. Five miles from the village, on a 
splendid carriage road, are the well-known Chilton Chalybeate Springs, 
which Prof. Chilton asserts, contain the most valuable medicinal qual- 
ities. A large hotel, capable of accommodating one hundred guests in 
■first class style, is a leading feature at the springs. A few miles below 
Port Jervis, the delightful little village of Milford — reached by one of the 
finest roads in the world, running along the base of a high and rocky 
range of mountains, and following the course of the Delaware River most 
of the way — audits unequalled surroundings, also attract hundreds of 
worshipers at Nature's shrine from the dust and tumult of confined cities. 
The Sawkill Falls, awful, grand, majestic ; the Cliffs, looming up hun- 
dreds of feet of solid, perpendicular rock, from which Port Jervis, and 
miles beyond it, can be seen ; the Reimer skill Falls, with their wild, 
weird surroundings ; the Knob, standing out, large and grim, against 
the sky, covered with high i)ines and mossy rocks, laurel-tangled and 
rugged; and hundreds of other places, wild and romantic, add to the 
lavishness with wliich nature has scattered her treasures around Port 
Jervis, making it a spot where every attraction is oflered to the excur- 
sionist to tarry a while and enjoy them. The prospective resident would 
have to go far to find a more pleasant spot to spend his daj-s. 

Trout streams are numerous, and the pride of the country. The 
" spotted beauties " abound in abundance, and this vicinity has long been 
the Mecca of all disciples of Izaack Walton. Guides to any of the streams 
can always be procured, where fine pickerel fishing can be found." 

Port Jervis is within easy access of New York, and its claims upon 
public attention are thus well deserved. 

Many improvements are now^ being made in the place, the most im- 
portant of which is the erection of fifty buildings. Among these are se- 
veral large brick stores, a new Baptist Church, and the Drew Centennial 
Methodist Church, all of which are to be first class structures. 

It contains also the Deerpark Union Musical Association, having a 
membership of about three hundred; this with the Literary Association 
of 150 members, gives evidence of the tastes of the people for music and 
literature. 

Port Jervis is well-lighted with gas and in the possession of other 
modern improvements, among them a fire department, which is fully 
alive to the necessities of the day. 

A Railroad has been proposed to pass through Milford, to Stroudsburg, 
connecting directly with Scranton, and having uninterrupted communi- 
cation with Philadelphia. 



56 SUBUllBAN HOMES. 

Port Jervis is 88 miles from New York, has seven trains daily, time 
by express, 3 hours oO minutes. 

RETROSPECT. 

Looking back over the vast range of territory we have sketched, the 
inquiry comes naturally from some anxious reader, 

Which is the best place ? 

In answering this question several considerations present themselves, 
which circumstances alone can readily determine. If yonv hours of bus- 
iness in the city will admit, no better selection can be made for a sum- 
mer residence than the region of country immediately surrounding 
Turner's, Monroe, Warwick, Washingtonville, Newburgh, Goshen, Mid- 
dletown or Port Jervis; but if you desire a permanent home in the 
country, which will enable you to reach New York at 7 or 8 in the 
morning, the region east from Suffern presents many pleasant and prom- 
ising towns and villages from which to make a selection. 

For the speedy and eft'ectual recuperation and restoration of health, do 
not hesitate to select the region of the Ramapo Valley and Orange County 
as the most auspicious and attractive. No section in the immediate 
vicinity of New York is more justly celebrated for its salubrious and 
invigorating atmosphere ; for the choice quality and variety of its pro- 
ducts, or the enlivening character of its surroundings. The drives rank 
amongst the best in the State, and the hunting is excellent, while lakes 
and streams in abundance aflbrd the finest fishing imaginable. No more 
exhilarating or appetizing sports can be indulged in thant hose common 
to this whole neighborhood, and we are confident that no beter locality 
can be found within convenient access of the city where the Invalid can 
derive greater benefit than from the free inspiration of the pure moun- 
tain air of this country. 

A residence upon the Hudson or even upon the Sound may be desira- 
ble, and the salt water breezes arising therefrom may be beneficial to ^ 
some, but to the many a residence where the mountain air freely circu- 
lates is preferable and particularly conducive to health. In the free ex- 
pression of this opinion the most eminent physicians of the city unite, 
and invariably recommend to their patients who reside in the citj' during 
the winter, a change of air in the spring and summer season as particu- 
larly beneficial. 

No one need fear of losing money by the decline in prices of land. On 
the contrary it is one of the best openings for investment presented, as 
improved land is sure to increase In value 10 per cent, or more per annum. 




Design T^o. 12. — A Couxtiiy IIouse or Parsonage. 



I SHrn 

. ^'10 





First Floor. 



Second Floor. 



DESIGN No. 12. 

The desire to produce pleasing effects in the structure of country houses 
has much increased in the past few years. The gratifying evidence of 
this is forced upon our attention on every line of travel. Every one who 
contributes to this taste is so far a benefactor of his kind. It has this 
plea for universal adoption, that while it violates no principle of utility, 
it elevates mentally and morally, only by the exei'cise of correct judg- 
ment without expense. It is thought that the plan here submitted will 
commend itself to the taste of those who, having a moderate income — 
and such constitute the bulk of society — and who, having no money to 
lavish upon merely useless show, would have enough variety in style, 
solid embellishments, convenience of arrangement, rooms of suitable size 
and number, — affording sufficient retirement and accommodation as shall 
combine to produce a pleasing impression, and make the happy and con- 
tented family feel that they have a home, the endearing remembrance of 
which will never leave them. The walls are filled in with brick. The 
roof projects, and the gables have large boards of stout plank. This de- 
sign has great advantages, and deserves to be popular. Its present cost 
is about .f i,500. — From WoochvarcV s Country Homes. 



SUBURBAN HOMES. 57 

Houses and lots which three years ago cost from S3, 500 to $5,000, are 
now selling at from 06,500 to 010,000. 

The following hints will be of some service and are therefore given 
with pleasure : 

1st. To those who are prospctive settlers. Lose no time in choosing 
your property, even if it be a year before you purpose building or im- 
proving it ; see that you obtain all the land you want at the time of your 
first purchase, for it will not answer to trust to time to secure any addi- 
tional space immediately adjoining. 

2d. Land owners and companies should be warned against speculation, 
that great curse to the prosperity of so many communities. Simply ask 
reasonable prices, and sell the land for acUml settlement only. Better do this 
and so dispose of your property quickly, than to ask exhorlDitant rates 
and experience difficulty in making sales. 

3d. In making a purchase always compel the seller to relinquish any 
right or interest in the crops which may have been planted. A deed of 
land otherwise does not give to the purchaser the crops already planted 
thereon. Neglect of this precaution, may subject you to much incon- 
venience, and possibly prevent immediate improvement. 

4tli. Do not hesitate about making your choice. All the places named 
are desirable and healthful, and property therein will increase in value. 
There are constant improvements going on, and ere j'ou are aware of it 
you will find yourself surrounded with pleasant neighbors and desirable 
conveniences. 

5th. If you think you cannot submit to the fiincied persecution of the 
mosquitoes, let us propound a question of 2}olicy. Is it better to live in 
the city, and spend nearly all your money for rent, board, &c., or to go to 
the country, bear the few mosquitoes that come, and be each year from 
|500 to $1,000 better oft"? Notmthstanding all the uncharitable things 
said against New Jersey, on account of its mosquitoes, we state the truth 
in saying that beyond the Passaic River, there are few or none, and 
little or no trouble is experienced. 

Throw away that despicable prejudice which many love to entertain, and 
manifest in taunting and insulting reproaches of the State of New Jersey. 
However much occasion there may have been in former days, from the 
peculiar characteristics of the Dutch settlers and their descendants, and 
likewise the singular State legislative management, it must be admitted 
that at the present day New Jersey is fiist taking an active and prominent 
part in all matters of reform and progress. Southern and Central New 
Jersey is fast filling up with a class of ^energetic right-minded people, 



58 



SUBURBAN IIOMEg. 



wliose votes and influence are helping carry the current of liberal enter- 
prise forward. The suburbs of New York, reaching far out into New 
Jersey along the lines of the railways, are rapidly filling up with a class 
of independent, liberal, enterprising men and families, Miiose presence 
is fast overcoming the dull sluggishness of the native stock, and mani- 
festing itself in the energetic projection and completion of works of pub- 
lic improvement and benefit. Year after year is adding to their number, 
and we may candidly say that no section of the surrounding country 
contains a more desirable society, or possesses greater advantages to 
suburban residents. The Legislature, once in the interest of monopolies, 
is now becoming actuated with lilDeral principles ; charters for railroads 
are freely given, and everything done to encourage the rapid settlement 
and development of all parts of her domain. 

6th, If you settle down in some nice little cottage, do not carry your 
city exclusiveness with you ; throw it aside. Remember there are neigh- 
bors around just as good and as well oft' as you. Make yourselves kind, 
genial, good-hearted ; be sociable, take a proper interest in your neigh- 
bors, and assist in establishing a reputation for your village, which will 
be a source of pride and congratulation to you. City manners are not 
always congenial to country life, and exclusiveness is often a terra of 
reproach. 

Finally, to the actual purchaser, we say, choose the prettiest design 
for your cottage you can find, and by so doing you will give j^our neigh- 
borhood an ornamental appearance, wliich will greatly enhance the 
value of its property. 

Improve your lots or acres, as soon as you can, by the setting out of 
choice trees, shrubs and flowers. Nothing can make home so attractive 
to your fiimily, and so delightful to yourself, as the cultivation of a few 
of Nature's fairest gifts. Twine the honeysuckle or jessamine around 
your porch, and in summer sit on the piazza and watch the humming- 
bird and bee fly in and out gathering their fragrant store. Deck your 
lawn with beautiful tulips, peonies, roses, pansies, dahlias and other 
flowers, and see how your neighbors will stop before your gate and gaze 
with admiring eyes on the delicious sight. What a charm your cottage 
immediately possesses, and how popular it becomes as a visiting place 
for friends. Plant out handsome variegated shrubs, the Japan quince, 
snow-ball and others, that when flowers fiiil, there shall still be some- 
■thing left to give a pleasure. Plant out evei greens that when both flow- 
ers and shrubs are gone, there shall still be left an element of life and 
beauty, and your grounds seem not altogether bare and desolate. There 



SUBURBAN UOMES. 



59 



is scarcely a place, large or small, from a single lot to a villa site of sev- 
eral acres, but can possess either few or manj^ of these charming adorn- 
ments and indispensable accompaniments of a well-kept country home. 
When the quiet Sabbath comes, and the lord of the manor can spend it 
in peace and enjoy with hoi}'- quietness the luxury of such a rural life, 
the influence of these simple yet beautiful charms will V)c productive of 
an everlasting good in both mind and heart. 

We have the pleasure of presenting to the readers of this Guide, and to 
prospective residents along this Railwaj'^, a few specimens of cottage 
architecture, of an exceedingly neat, tasteful, and yet economical char- 
acter. It would be a perfect pleasure to see the whole of this country 
filled with beautiful cottages, ever^^ one a specimen of excellent taste, and 
painted in appropriate colors. 

For the engravings and descriptive matter of houses and plans shown, 
we are greatly indebted to Mr. Geo. E. Woodward, Architect, No. 191 
Broadway, New York, who is the author and publisher of the most popu- 
lar books on architecture of the day. Should the reader desire fuller in- 
formation or a greater varietj^ of designs he will find the following books 
very desirable for his purpose. They are all published by Mr. Woodward, 
and it is hoped that many of the exceedingly pretty designs given therein 
may be extensively copied. 

Woodward's Country Homes, ' Jacques' Manuel of The House, 



Rural Art, No. 1—1867, 

''■ 2—1868, 



Wheeler's Rural Homes, 

*•' Homes for The People. 

To our many readers we say, during the fine days of Spring, Summer 
or Autumn, buy excursion tickets, and take frequent rides over the Erie 
Railway; examine the country, and see for yourselves if it be not a 
iOOodly land. 



D E.SIGN No. 13. 

The associations of the school-room, if pleasant, are of a lasting and 
beneficial nature. Those educational institutions possess the most at- 
tractions, that are so situated that all the surroundings shall have a fa- 
vorable influence ; and there is nothing like example in early training. 
Bring up and educate a child among those who know nothing of the re- 
finements of life, away from the progressive examples of art and taste, in 
a tumble-down, unplastered, ill-heated and ill- ventilated apartment, and 
it never can become, with all the aid of books and teachers, as thor- 
oughly cultivated and fitted for the duties of life as one who has enjoyed 
associations of a higher order. School architecture has a meaning in it ; 
there is value, proportion, harmony, beauty, light and shade, as applied 
to school buildings, that is not comprehended by all. Shabby school 
liouses induce slovenly habits. Ill-constructed benches may not only 
distort the body, but by reflex influence, the mind as well. On the other 
hand, neat, comfortable places for study may help to awaken the associ- 
ations reclaiming the mind and heart to learning and virtuous instruc- 
tion with " links of gold brightening forever." The cost of this school 
house at present prices is about ^-3,500. — From Woodward'' s Country Romcs. 



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